{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110694538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.5.1899","title":"Innovation Diffusion in Heterogeneous Populations: Contagion, Social Influence, and Social Learning","display_name":"Innovation Diffusion in Heterogeneous Populations: Contagion, Social Influence, and Social Learning","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110694538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.5.1899","mag":"2110694538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1257/aer.99.5.1899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.5.1899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.5.1899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23254222","display_name":"American Economic Review","issn_l":"0002-8282","issn":["0002-8282","1944-7981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103100665","display_name":"H. Peyton Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1153-2892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1153-2892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. Peyton Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Oxford, Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UQ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Oxford, Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UQ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103100665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":36.6211,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":636,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99864634,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"5","first_page":"1899","last_page":"1924"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12659","display_name":"Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12659","display_name":"Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion-of-innovations","display_name":"diffusion of innovations","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-populations","display_name":"heterogeneous populations","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contagion","display_name":"contagion","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-influence","display_name":"social influence","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-learning","display_name":"social learning","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adoption-curve","display_name":"adoption curve","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion-models","display_name":"diffusion models","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-hybrids","display_name":"maize hybrids","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-discrimination","display_name":"model discrimination","score":0.3529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.6407254338264465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.6322695016860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5881341695785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5029959082603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79416737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519","display_name":"Social learning","level":2,"score":0.4221996068954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017618536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304994","display_name":"Innovation diffusion","level":2,"score":0.4156232178211212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.35629725456237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20690247416496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1793244481086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12242001295089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.0808711051940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07572636008262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1257/aer.99.5.1899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.5.1899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.5.1899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23254222","display_name":"American Economic Review","issn_l":"0002-8282","issn":["0002-8282","1944-7981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.143.4877","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.143.4877","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.econ.jhu.edu/people/young/AERMS20071161R2FINAL.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.154.4429","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.154.4429","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.econ.jhu.edu/People/Young/InnDiffAERfinal.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:99:y:2009:i:5:p:1899-1924","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.99.5.1899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:uuid:a5e7c24c-1b2a-4578-9c14-67965a214aaa","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.99.5.1899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://economics.ouls.ox.ac.uk/14654","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182159370","https://openalex.org/W626243750","https://openalex.org/W1505037116","https://openalex.org/W1572167389","https://openalex.org/W1589065055","https://openalex.org/W1597666737","https://openalex.org/W1787999017","https://openalex.org/W1811781384","https://openalex.org/W1875224361","https://openalex.org/W1964473994","https://openalex.org/W1972178529","https://openalex.org/W1972645710","https://openalex.org/W1977578104","https://openalex.org/W1979583516","https://openalex.org/W1984697813","https://openalex.org/W1986252988","https://openalex.org/W1987319415","https://openalex.org/W1987832557","https://openalex.org/W1988998182","https://openalex.org/W1990513740","https://openalex.org/W1994420276","https://openalex.org/W1996294374","https://openalex.org/W1997839235","https://openalex.org/W1998725165","https://openalex.org/W2005029869","https://openalex.org/W2009884847","https://openalex.org/W2022056437","https://openalex.org/W2034586501","https://openalex.org/W2041157860","https://openalex.org/W2050897613","https://openalex.org/W2059092337","https://openalex.org/W2060055073","https://openalex.org/W2067265108","https://openalex.org/W2067919779","https://openalex.org/W2076731992","https://openalex.org/W2076789813","https://openalex.org/W2079434400","https://openalex.org/W2079920721","https://openalex.org/W2089579808","https://openalex.org/W2090301610","https://openalex.org/W2096605213","https://openalex.org/W2097700450","https://openalex.org/W2098201978","https://openalex.org/W2098213250","https://openalex.org/W2115446485","https://openalex.org/W2115768891","https://openalex.org/W2115926002","https://openalex.org/W2122489728","https://openalex.org/W2130067743","https://openalex.org/W2130224277","https://openalex.org/W2132038800","https://openalex.org/W2140950724","https://openalex.org/W2145976030","https://openalex.org/W2155796078","https://openalex.org/W2157067735","https://openalex.org/W2163220282","https://openalex.org/W2171054347","https://openalex.org/W2220606204","https://openalex.org/W2255751037","https://openalex.org/W2265720734","https://openalex.org/W2327133819","https://openalex.org/W2584203888","https://openalex.org/W2612002453","https://openalex.org/W2614237344","https://openalex.org/W2797105966","https://openalex.org/W2797328151","https://openalex.org/W2981797476","https://openalex.org/W2990332672","https://openalex.org/W3122000667","https://openalex.org/W3123092136","https://openalex.org/W3142887967","https://openalex.org/W4243905823","https://openalex.org/W4253543067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403735233","https://openalex.org/W7097247044","https://openalex.org/W1502153275","https://openalex.org/W2279879432","https://openalex.org/W7095138184","https://openalex.org/W2109568445","https://openalex.org/W7096273538","https://openalex.org/W1550352011","https://openalex.org/W2611864918","https://openalex.org/W2147697177"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"New":[0],"ideas,":[1],"products,":[2],"and":[3,34,88],"practices":[4],"take":[5],"time":[6],"to":[7,15,39],"diffuse,":[8],"a":[9,45,59,71],"fact":[10],"that":[11],"is":[12,80],"often":[13],"attributed":[14],"some":[16],"form":[17],"of":[18,29,48,56,65,86,94],"heterogeneity":[19,41],"among":[20],"potential":[21],"adopters.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"examines":[25],"three":[26],"broad":[27],"classes":[28],"diffusion":[30,93],"models\u2014contagion,":[31],"social":[32,35],"influence,":[33],"learning\u2014and":[36],"shows":[37],"how":[38],"incorporate":[40],"into":[42],"each":[43],"at":[44],"high":[46],"level":[47],"generality":[49],"without":[50],"losing":[51],"analytical":[52],"tractability.":[53],"Each":[54],"type":[55],"model":[57],"leaves":[58],"characteristic":[60],"\u201cfootprint\u201d":[61],"on":[62,91],"the":[63,66,83,92],"shape":[64],"adoption":[67],"curve":[68],"which":[69],"provides":[70],"basis":[72],"for":[73],"discriminating":[74],"empirically":[75],"between":[76],"them.":[77],"The":[78],"approach":[79],"illustrated":[81],"using":[82],"classic":[84],"study":[85],"Ryan":[87],"Gross":[89],"(1943)":[90],"hybrid":[95],"corn.":[96],"(JEL":[97],"D83,":[98],"O33,":[99],"Q16,":[100],"Z13)":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":35}],"updated_date":"2026-10-22T09:42:04.148104","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}