{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109848745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808972.00007","title":"Commons, Anticommons, Semicommons","display_name":"Commons, Anticommons, Semicommons","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109848745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808972.00007","mag":"2109848745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4337/9781849808972.00007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808972.00007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808972.00007","pdf_url":"https://china.elgaronline.com/downloadpdf/edcollchap/edcoll/9781847209795/9781847209795.00007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463223","display_name":"Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320353","host_organization_name":"Edward Elgar Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Edward Elgar Publishing"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Handbook on the Economics of Property Law","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W629858740","display_name":"Research Handbook on the Economics of Property Law"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://china.elgaronline.com/downloadpdf/edcollchap/edcoll/9781847209795/9781847209795.00007.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051508073","display_name":"Lee Anne Fennell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lee Anne Fennell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago Law school"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago Law school","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051508073"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.3827,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98954834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.2985999882221222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.2985999882221222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13357","display_name":"Property Rights and Legal Doctrine","score":0.20059999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.15360000729560852,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commons","display_name":"commons","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticommons","display_name":"anticommons","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tragedy-of-the-commons","display_name":"tragedy of the commons","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tragedy-of-the-anticommons","display_name":"tragedy of the anticommons","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misaligned-incentives","display_name":"incentive misalignment","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-systems","display_name":"resource systems","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-action","display_name":"collective action","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property-rights","display_name":"property rights","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-theoretical-framework","display_name":"unified theoretical framework","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garrett-hardin","display_name":"Garrett Hardin","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfishing","display_name":"overfishing","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution","display_name":"pollution","score":0.4950000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49427245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9828451","display_name":"Commons","level":2,"score":0.8654918670654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.5664200186729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4691409468650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4652783274650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067788","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","level":3,"score":0.42526137828826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3892603814601898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34568554162979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33768904209136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3114258646965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.2165503203868866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16591209173202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16475093364715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4337/9781849808972.00007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808972.00007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808972.00007","pdf_url":"https://china.elgaronline.com/downloadpdf/edcollchap/edcoll/9781847209795/9781847209795.00007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463223","display_name":"Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320353","host_organization_name":"Edward Elgar Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Edward Elgar Publishing"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Handbook on the Economics of Property Law","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:chicagounbound.uchicago.edu:book_chapters-3608","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/book_chapters/90","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401049","display_name":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","host_organization_name":"Yale University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Book Sections","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:chicagounbound.uchicago.edu:law_and_economics-1110","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/law_and_economics/111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Coase-Sandor Working Paper Series in Law and Economics","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:chicagounbound.uchicago.edu:public_law_and_legal_theory-1065","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/public_law_and_legal_theory/66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2109848745","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1471035_code203694.pdf?abstractid=1348267&rulid=11137890&mirid=4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3122660971","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:elg:eechap:13202_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu:10535/10880","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10535/10880","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402437","display_name":"Digital Library Of The Commons Repository (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:kenneth_ayotte-1001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/kenneth_ayotte/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196581","display_name":"Berkley Law Scholarship Repository (University of California, Berkeley)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","host_organization_name":"University of California, Berkeley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kenneth Ayotte","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4337/9781849808972.00007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808972.00007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808972.00007","pdf_url":"https://china.elgaronline.com/downloadpdf/edcollchap/edcoll/9781847209795/9781847209795.00007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463223","display_name":"Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320353","host_organization_name":"Edward Elgar Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Edward Elgar Publishing"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Handbook on the Economics of Property Law","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2109848745.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2109848745.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62085157","https://openalex.org/W108811424","https://openalex.org/W149157918","https://openalex.org/W199610840","https://openalex.org/W292637022","https://openalex.org/W366261976","https://openalex.org/W584047432","https://openalex.org/W595579212","https://openalex.org/W604070714","https://openalex.org/W625352262","https://openalex.org/W638912971","https://openalex.org/W1481868744","https://openalex.org/W1482671993","https://openalex.org/W1486210365","https://openalex.org/W1493281059","https://openalex.org/W1504941181","https://openalex.org/W1520159333","https://openalex.org/W1521514433","https://openalex.org/W1522074275","https://openalex.org/W1554481779","https://openalex.org/W1565563918","https://openalex.org/W1582280623","https://openalex.org/W1583438170","https://openalex.org/W1587647876","https://openalex.org/W1590060278","https://openalex.org/W1598878931","https://openalex.org/W1604084131","https://openalex.org/W1640730909","https://openalex.org/W1776083232","https://openalex.org/W1848653928","https://openalex.org/W1850631027","https://openalex.org/W1967793225","https://openalex.org/W1980000255","https://openalex.org/W1982114245","https://openalex.org/W1997328631","https://openalex.org/W2000062918","https://openalex.org/W2001709066","https://openalex.org/W2010458688","https://openalex.org/W2010857707","https://openalex.org/W2012429942","https://openalex.org/W2023357638","https://openalex.org/W2023856030","https://openalex.org/W2024216388","https://openalex.org/W2032171626","https://openalex.org/W2032290304","https://openalex.org/W2061701113","https://openalex.org/W2062663664","https://openalex.org/W2064279930","https://openalex.org/W2088689166","https://openalex.org/W2103209681","https://openalex.org/W2106947265","https://openalex.org/W2107837688","https://openalex.org/W2131740028","https://openalex.org/W2141925575","https://openalex.org/W2155253792","https://openalex.org/W2161674857","https://openalex.org/W2166258569","https://openalex.org/W2166987116","https://openalex.org/W2167703202","https://openalex.org/W2167826892","https://openalex.org/W2168751125","https://openalex.org/W2175723801","https://openalex.org/W2226396244","https://openalex.org/W2270362338","https://openalex.org/W2276539006","https://openalex.org/W2284029674","https://openalex.org/W2597093203","https://openalex.org/W2993476108","https://openalex.org/W3021366386","https://openalex.org/W3088713371","https://openalex.org/W3121439698","https://openalex.org/W3122548196","https://openalex.org/W3122705874","https://openalex.org/W3122741551","https://openalex.org/W3122756238","https://openalex.org/W3124034801","https://openalex.org/W3124131127","https://openalex.org/W3124704810","https://openalex.org/W3125373920","https://openalex.org/W3125749951","https://openalex.org/W3171436607","https://openalex.org/W4230345380","https://openalex.org/W4255584861","https://openalex.org/W6602565405","https://openalex.org/W6619817670","https://openalex.org/W6629541937","https://openalex.org/W6669206723","https://openalex.org/W6679443228","https://openalex.org/W6692436124","https://openalex.org/W6812426543","https://openalex.org/W6833693174","https://openalex.org/W6835339762","https://openalex.org/W6986232238","https://openalex.org/W7045394145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239342995","https://openalex.org/W4288933696","https://openalex.org/W3125749951","https://openalex.org/W2364284388","https://openalex.org/W7053275643","https://openalex.org/W7113418978","https://openalex.org/W2118898980","https://openalex.org/W2509620331","https://openalex.org/W4297905708","https://openalex.org/W4416089784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"theorists":[3],"interested":[4],"in":[5,15,19,136,219,335,343,352,412],"the":[6,20,23,27,43,66,122,131,145,156,160,183,194,203,281,284,289,315,359,370,376,386,394,397],"commons":[7,361,398],"have":[8],"increasingly":[9],"broadened":[10],"their":[11,39],"gaze":[12],"to":[13,53,57,95,121,217,372,402],"take":[14,229,327],"two":[16],"new":[17],"entries":[18],"property":[21],"lexicon:":[22],"anticommons":[24],"1":[25],"and":[26,34,38,56,69,125,128,162,283,288,303,349],"semicommons.2":[28],"Notwithstanding":[29],"some":[30],"excellent":[31],"work":[32],"comparing":[33],"contrasting":[35],"these":[36],"templates":[37],"associated":[40],"tragedies,":[41],"3":[42],"literature":[44],"lacks":[45],"a":[46,81,85,118,137,180,236,249,263,270,307,321,331,354,391,408],"cohesive":[47],"account":[48],"of":[49,60,159,182,185,193,197,211,235,267,298,309,317,323,367,379,396],"how":[50,130],"they":[51],"relate":[52],"each":[54,76,175],"other":[55],"larger":[58],"questions":[59,366],"incentive":[61,212],"misalignment.Although":[62],"scholars":[63],"sometimes":[64],"frame":[65],"commons,":[67,123],"anticommons,":[68,124],"semicommons":[70,126],"as":[71,80,252,390],"conceptually":[72],"distinct":[73],"forms,":[74],"4":[75],"is":[77,148,274,305,410],"best":[78],"understood":[79],"lens":[82],"for":[83,227,277],"apprehending":[84],"single":[86],"core,":[87],"challenging":[88],"fact":[89,406],"about":[90],"resource":[91,232,345,409],"systems":[92,346],"-their":[93],"need":[94,414],"accommodate":[96],"multiple":[97],"uses":[98],"that":[99,174,202,273,407],"are":[100,286],"most":[101],"effi":[102],"ciently":[103],"pursued":[104],"at":[105,314],"diff":[106],"erent":[107],"scales,":[108],"whether":[109],"simultaneously":[110],"or":[111,224,243,255],"over":[112],"time.5":[113],"This":[114],"chapter":[115],"off":[116],"ers":[117],"brief":[119],"introduction":[120],"models":[127],"shows":[129],"three":[132],"fi":[133],"t":[134],"together":[135],"unifi":[138],"ed":[139],"theoretical":[140],"framework.":[141],"I.":[142],"THE":[143],"COMMONSAlthough":[144],"underlying":[146],"idea":[147],"much":[149,319],"older,":[150],"6":[151],"Garrett":[152],"Hardin":[153,200],"(1968)":[154],"popularized":[155],"phrase":[157],"'tragedy":[158],"commons'":[161],"illustrated":[163],"it":[164],"with":[165,404],"an":[166,169],"example":[167],"involving":[168],"openaccess":[170],"pasture":[171,204,259],"(ibid.,":[172],"1244).Reasoning":[173],"herdsman":[176],"would":[177,190,205],"bear":[178],"only":[179,294],"fraction":[181],"costs":[184,378],"grazing":[186],"another":[187],"steer":[188],"but":[189,358],"internalize":[191],"all":[192],"benefi":[195,312],"ts":[196],"doing":[198],"so,":[199],"predicted":[201],"be":[206],"overgrazed":[207],"(ibid.).The":[208],"same":[209,290],"problem":[210],"misalignment":[213],"can":[214],"lead":[215],"people":[216],"underinvest":[218],"collective":[220,337],"activities":[221],"(communal":[222],"farms":[223],"public":[225],"television,":[226],"example),":[228],"too":[230,245],"many":[231,246],"units":[233],"out":[234],"given":[237],"system":[238,250,272],"(as":[239],"by":[240],"overfi":[241],"shing),":[242],"put":[244],"'bads'":[247],"into":[248],"(such":[251],"smog,":[253],"litter,":[254],"email":[256],"spam).7":[257],"Hardin's":[258],"fable":[260],"conjures":[261],"up":[262],"distinctively":[264],"compelling":[265],"brand":[266],"ineffi":[268],"ciency:":[269],"self-contained":[271],"transparently":[275],"suboptimal":[276],"its":[278,336,388],"own":[279],"participants.Because":[280],"exploiters":[282],"exploitees":[285],"one":[287,310],"-Hardin's":[291],"herders":[292],"harmed":[293],"themselves":[295],"-the":[296],"label":[297],"'tragedy'":[299],"seems":[300],"especially":[301],"apt":[302],"uncontroversial.It":[304],"not":[306,415],"matter":[308],"group":[311,332],"ting":[313],"expense":[316],"another,":[318],"less":[320],"question":[322],"whose":[324],"interests":[325],"should":[326],"priority.Rather,":[328],"we":[329],"see":[330],"shooting":[333],"itself":[334],"foot":[338],"through":[339],"self-defeating":[340],"behavior.Parties":[341],"interacting":[342],"real-world":[344],"rarely":[347],"deliver":[348],"realize":[350],"losses":[351],"such":[353],"cleanly":[355],"symmetrical":[356],"manner,":[357],"stylized":[360],"tragedy":[362,395],"neatly":[363],"excises":[364],"thorny":[365],"distribution":[368],"from":[369],"picture":[371],"focus":[373],"attention":[374],"on":[375],"unambiguous":[377],"self-interested":[380],"actions.":[381],"A.":[382],"The":[383],"Commons":[384],"Without":[385],"TragedyDespite":[387],"merits":[389],"rhetorical":[392],"device,":[393],"story":[399],"often":[400],"fails":[401],"square":[403],"reality.The":[405],"held":[411],"common":[413],"spell":[416],"disaster,":[417]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}