{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109833367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/me.2.1.25-33.2001","title":"Problem-Solving Skills Among Precollege Students in Clinical Immunology and Microbiology: Classifying Strategies with a Rubric and Artificial Neural Network Technology","display_name":"Problem-Solving Skills Among Precollege Students in Clinical Immunology and Microbiology: Classifying Strategies with a Rubric and Artificial Neural Network Technology","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109833367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/me.2.1.25-33.2001","mag":"2109833367","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23653541","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3633113"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/me.2.1.25-33.2001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/me.2.1.25-33.2001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/me.2.1.25-33.2001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130036377","display_name":"Microbiology Education","issn_l":"1542-8818","issn":["1542-8818","2379-0318"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiology Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2109833367"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/154288101x14285805896158","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052547642","display_name":"Susan Kanowith\u2010Klein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SUSAN KANOWITH-KLEIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088613227","display_name":"Ron Stevens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RON STEVENS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulysses S. Grant High School, Valley Glen, California 91401"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulysses S. Grant High School, Valley Glen, California 91401","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083451793","display_name":"Mel Stave","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MEL STAVE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110214685","display_name":"Adrian M Casillas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ADRIAN M. CASILLAS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 9009;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 9009;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2886,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83052578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"25","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.3345000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.3345000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.17350000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.12099999934434891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-solving-skills","display_name":"problem-solving skills","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-solving-strategies","display_name":"problem-solving strategies","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-college-students","display_name":"pre-university students","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-immunology","display_name":"clinical immunology","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubric-development","display_name":"rubric development","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network","display_name":"artificial neural networks","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategy-classification","display_name":"strategy classification","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-simulation","display_name":"software simulation","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-assessment","display_name":"student assessment","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misconceptions","display_name":"misconceptions","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-diseases","display_name":"infectious diseases","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noninfectious-diseases","display_name":"noninfectious diseases","score":0.968999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111640148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847349","display_name":"Rubric","level":2,"score":0.9564001560211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6382059454917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.553043782711029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49353277683258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4561421871185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4516529142856598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42808210849761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2867678999900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/me.2.1.25-33.2001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/me.2.1.25-33.2001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/me.2.1.25-33.2001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130036377","display_name":"Microbiology Education","issn_l":"1542-8818","issn":["1542-8818","2379-0318"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiology Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1128/154288101x14285805896158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/154288101x14285805896158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/154288101x14285805896158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29957380","display_name":"Journal of Microbiology and Biology Education","issn_l":"1935-7877","issn":["1935-7877","1935-7885"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Microbiology &amp; Biology Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2645275","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3633113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23653541","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23653541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiology education","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3633113","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3633113/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microbiol Educ","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.90.5165","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.90.5165","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.immex.ucla.edu/docs/publications/pdf/mbeducation.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:79567ca2eced4d759fca99d51fa94a8f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/79567ca2eced4d759fca99d51fa94a8f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Microbiology &amp; Biology Education, Vol 2, Iss 1 (2009)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/154288101x14285805896158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/154288101x14285805896158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/154288101x14285805896158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29957380","display_name":"Journal of Microbiology and Biology Education","issn_l":"1935-7877","issn":["1935-7877","1935-7885"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Microbiology &amp; Biology Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107843062","https://openalex.org/W153596614","https://openalex.org/W1510004025","https://openalex.org/W1519262436","https://openalex.org/W1602873706","https://openalex.org/W1652505363","https://openalex.org/W1975652232","https://openalex.org/W2012287398","https://openalex.org/W2014525906","https://openalex.org/W2016843869","https://openalex.org/W2023158963","https://openalex.org/W2029335837","https://openalex.org/W2039026367","https://openalex.org/W2056626414","https://openalex.org/W2067057029","https://openalex.org/W2067141130","https://openalex.org/W2078709555","https://openalex.org/W2084332040","https://openalex.org/W2120380005","https://openalex.org/W2127770685","https://openalex.org/W2520660681","https://openalex.org/W2980298611","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4244319868","https://openalex.org/W4300402905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098467926","https://openalex.org/W153596614","https://openalex.org/W1717546924","https://openalex.org/W2120380005","https://openalex.org/W2065269307","https://openalex.org/W2549719125","https://openalex.org/W2316001855","https://openalex.org/W1552474417","https://openalex.org/W2503658753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Educators":[0],"emphasize":[1],"the":[2,91,104,107,134,142,152,162,174,178,181],"importance":[3],"of":[4,52,65,106,123,144,154,180,184,186,200],"problem":[5],"solving":[6,56],"that":[7,45,78,129,141],"enables":[8],"students":[9,68,81,187,206],"to":[10,19,28,61,83,102,117,168,176],"apply":[11],"current":[12],"knowledge":[13],"and":[14,30,38,73,110,136,191],"understanding":[15],"in":[16,35,55,93,156,204,211],"new":[17],"ways":[18],"previously":[20],"unencountered":[21],"situations.":[22],"Yet":[23],"few":[24],"methods":[25,60],"are":[26],"available":[27],"visualize":[29],"then":[31],"assess":[32,169],"such":[33],"skills":[34],"a":[36,42,48,85,100,130,145,189,195],"rapid":[37],"efficient":[39],"way.":[40],"Using":[41,76,164],"software":[43,86],"system":[44],"can":[46],"generate":[47],"picture":[49],"(i.e.,":[50],"map)":[51],"students'":[53,170],"strategies":[54,64,172],"problems,":[57],"we":[58,98,127],"investigated":[59],"classify":[62],"problem-solving":[63,146,171,182],"high":[66],"school":[67],"who":[69],"were":[70,96],"studying":[71],"infectious":[72],"noninfectious":[74],"diseases.":[75],"maps":[77],"indicated":[79],"items":[80,95],"accessed":[82],"solve":[84],"simulation":[87],"as":[88,90],"well":[89],"sequence":[92],"which":[94,157,205],"accessed,":[97],"developed":[99],"rubric":[101,135],"score":[103],"quality":[105,143],"student":[108,119],"performances":[109,120,155,183],"also":[111],"applied":[112],"artificial":[113,165],"neural":[114,137,166],"network":[115,138],"technology":[116],"cluster":[118,153],"into":[121],"groups":[122],"related":[124],"strategies.":[125],"Furthermore,":[126],"established":[128],"relationship":[131],"existed":[132],"between":[133],"results,":[139],"suggesting":[140],"strategy":[147],"could":[148],"be":[149],"predicted":[150],"from":[151],"it":[158],"was":[159],"assigned":[160],"by":[161],"network.":[163],"networks":[167],"has":[173],"potential":[175],"permit":[177],"investigation":[179],"hundreds":[185],"at":[188],"time":[190],"provide":[192],"teachers":[193],"with":[194],"valuable":[196],"intervention":[197],"tool":[198],"capable":[199],"identifying":[201],"content":[202],"areas":[203],"have":[207],"specific":[208],"misunderstandings,":[209],"gaps":[210],"learning,":[212],"or":[213],"misconceptions.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
