{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109771237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5555/afhs.2006.6.2.127","title":"Problem Based Learning, curriculum development and change process at Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, Uganda.","display_name":"Problem Based Learning, curriculum development and change process at Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, Uganda.","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109771237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5555/afhs.2006.6.2.127","mag":"2109771237","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16916306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ajol.info:article/6939","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ahs/article/view/6939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167982310","display_name":"African Health Sciences","issn_l":"1680-6905","issn":["1680-6905","1729-0503"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jpps-2","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311036","host_organization_name":"Makerere University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311036"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Makerere University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1680-6905","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1831972","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062367431","display_name":"Elsie Kiguli-Malwadde","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Kiguli-Malwadde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Makerere University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Kampala, Uganda. malwadde@softhome.net"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Makerere University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Kampala, Uganda. malwadde@softhome.net","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022204420","display_name":"Stephen C Kijjambu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Kijjambu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017538208","display_name":"Sarah Kiguli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8764-4161","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8764-4161"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Kiguli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040053574","display_name":"Moses Galukande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9086-968X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9086-968X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Galukande","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032768049","display_name":"Andrew Mwanika","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Mwanika","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110393134","display_name":"Samuel Abilemech Luboga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Luboga","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023528221","display_name":"Nelson Kaulukusi Sewankambo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9362-053X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9362-053X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Sewankambo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5536,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83744114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"127","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.7445999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.7445999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.21170000731945038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12413","display_name":"Health and Medical Education","score":0.03840000182390213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-based-learning","display_name":"problem-based learning","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-development","display_name":"curriculum development","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-change","display_name":"curriculum change","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-clinical-exposure","display_name":"early clinical exposure","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spices-model","display_name":"SPICES model","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/needs-assessment","display_name":"needs assessment","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-limited-settings","display_name":"resource-limited settings","score":0.6370000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.8859885334968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6900830268859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.6150582432746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776893095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428888","display_name":"Faculty development","level":3,"score":0.5423669219017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5281621813774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060990","display_name":"Problem-based learning","level":2,"score":0.4906117022037506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779011557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911265","display_name":"Curriculum development","level":3,"score":0.45866692066192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.24539202451705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.14696907997131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.14121583104133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003479","descriptor_name":"Curriculum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003479","descriptor_name":"Curriculum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003479","descriptor_name":"Curriculum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004521","descriptor_name":"Educational Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004521","descriptor_name":"Educational Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004521","descriptor_name":"Educational Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005180","descriptor_name":"Faculty, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005180","descriptor_name":"Faculty, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005180","descriptor_name":"Faculty, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012577","descriptor_name":"Schools, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012577","descriptor_name":"Schools, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012577","descriptor_name":"Schools, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014495","descriptor_name":"Universities","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014495","descriptor_name":"Universities","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014495","descriptor_name":"Universities","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015397","descriptor_name":"Program Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015397","descriptor_name":"Program Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015397","descriptor_name":"Program Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016730","descriptor_name":"Program Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016730","descriptor_name":"Program Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016730","descriptor_name":"Program Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018794","descriptor_name":"Problem-Based Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018794","descriptor_name":"Problem-Based Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018794","descriptor_name":"Problem-Based Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ajol.info:article/6939","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ahs/article/view/6939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167982310","display_name":"African Health Sciences","issn_l":"1680-6905","issn":["1680-6905","1729-0503"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jpps-2","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311036","host_organization_name":"Makerere University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311036"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Makerere University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1680-6905","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmid:16916306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5555/afhs.2006.6.2.127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16916306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African health sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1831972","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1831972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Afr Health Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2109771237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5555/afhs.2006.6.2.127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16916306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1831972","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1831972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Afr Health Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46343134","https://openalex.org/W1447306921","https://openalex.org/W1634787338","https://openalex.org/W1986082077","https://openalex.org/W2008028978","https://openalex.org/W2043167991","https://openalex.org/W2160485643"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160485643","https://openalex.org/W1972832951","https://openalex.org/W2417080095","https://openalex.org/W2145936815","https://openalex.org/W1981665776","https://openalex.org/W2069933939","https://openalex.org/W215013036","https://openalex.org/W2806269609","https://openalex.org/W210199220","https://openalex.org/W2074119014","https://openalex.org/W282702015","https://openalex.org/W2332321132","https://openalex.org/W1998950278","https://openalex.org/W2108492367","https://openalex.org/W2030207285","https://openalex.org/W2137291476","https://openalex.org/W2112433884","https://openalex.org/W3037212833","https://openalex.org/W177668497","https://openalex.org/W279293447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"The":[1,63,105,116,156],"faculty":[2,143],"of":[3,81,102,122,127,131,137,147,152,188],"Medicine,":[4,82],"(FOM)":[5],"Makerere":[6,83],"University":[7,84],"Kampala":[8],"was":[9,65],"started":[10],"in":[11,198],"1924":[12],"and":[13,40,44,74,94,113,176,181],"has":[14,55,158,165,183],"been":[15,56,167,173],"running":[16],"a":[17,199],"traditional":[18,34],"curriculum":[19,32,54,77,98,162],"for":[20,142],"79":[21],"years.":[22],"A":[23],"few":[24],"years":[25],"back":[26],"it":[27],"embarked":[28,160],"on":[29,161,175],"changing":[30],"its":[31],"from":[33],"to":[35,67,72,92,185],"Problem":[36,191],"Based":[37,42],"Learning":[38],"(PBL)":[39],"Community":[41],"Education":[43],"Service":[45],"(COBES)":[46],"as":[47,49,178],"well":[48],"early":[50],"clinical":[51],"exposure.":[52],"This":[53,164],"implemented":[57],"since":[58],"the":[59,69,76,79,89,96,100,109,186],"academic":[60],"year":[61],"2003/2004.":[62],"study":[64],"done":[66],"describe":[68,88],"steps":[70,90],"taken":[71,91,107,174],"change":[73,93],"implement":[75,95],"at":[78,99],"Faculty":[80,101],"Kampala.":[85],"OBJECTIVE:":[86],"To":[87],"new":[97,138,153,189],"Medicine.":[103],"METHODS:":[104],"stages":[106,118],"during":[108],"process":[110],"were":[111,119],"described":[112],"analysed.":[114],"RESULTS:":[115],"following":[117],"recognized":[120],"characterization":[121],"Uganda's":[123],"health":[124],"status,":[125],"analysis":[126,130],"government":[128],"policy,":[129],"old":[132],"curriculum,":[133],"needs":[134],"assessment,":[135],"adoption":[136],"model":[139],"(SPICES),":[140],"workshop/retreats":[141],"sensitization,":[144],"incremental":[145],"development":[146],"programs":[148],"by":[149],"faculty,":[150],"implementation":[151,187],"curriculum.":[154,190],"CONCLUSION:":[155],"FOM":[157],"successfully":[159],"change.":[163],"not":[166],"without":[168],"challenges.":[169],"However,":[170],"challenges":[171],"have":[172],"handled":[177],"they":[179],"arose":[180],"this":[182],"led":[184],"based":[192],"learning":[193],"can":[194],"be":[195],"adopted":[196],"even":[197],"low":[200],"resourced":[201],"country":[202],"like":[203],"Uganda.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}