{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109739017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2008.2012229","title":"Distance Estimation From Received Signal Strength Under Log-Normal Shadowing: Bias and Variance","display_name":"Distance Estimation From Received Signal Strength Under Log-Normal Shadowing: Bias and Variance","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109739017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2008.2012229","mag":"2109739017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2008.2012229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2008.2012229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2008.2012229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035597011","display_name":"Sree Divya Chitte","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sree Divya Chitte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003042086","display_name":"Soura Dasgupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-2938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-2938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soura Dasgupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085794086","display_name":"Zhi Jun Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-2125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-2125"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Univ. of California, Davis, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Univ. of California, Davis, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9838,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96443398,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"216","last_page":"218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/received-signal-strength","display_name":"received signal strength","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-fading","display_name":"shadow fading","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-estimation","display_name":"distance estimation","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-localization","display_name":"source localization","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bias","display_name":"bias","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"mean squared error","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood-estimation","display_name":"maximum likelihood estimation","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unbiased-estimation","display_name":"unbiased estimation","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-power","display_name":"noise power","score":0.5370000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6128920316696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5374932885169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5309842228889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46581459045410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4627850651741028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4335523545742035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.42039650678634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40632539987564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32488831877708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2008.2012229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2008.2012229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2008.2012229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147053542","https://openalex.org/W1550507966","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W2033444857","https://openalex.org/W2084069552","https://openalex.org/W2101963262","https://openalex.org/W2110862165","https://openalex.org/W2116245391","https://openalex.org/W2116436884","https://openalex.org/W2117412539","https://openalex.org/W2131247345","https://openalex.org/W2137150110","https://openalex.org/W2138520054","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2149642103","https://openalex.org/W2152286118","https://openalex.org/W2159297420","https://openalex.org/W2163817142","https://openalex.org/W3133603318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110786244","https://openalex.org/W111550353","https://openalex.org/W2150151472","https://openalex.org/W7097955008","https://openalex.org/W4403332306","https://openalex.org/W3083085256","https://openalex.org/W2811183593","https://openalex.org/W4386410295","https://openalex.org/W3037391995","https://openalex.org/W3201263561"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,27],"source":[1,9],"localization,":[2],"one":[3],"estimates":[4,113],"the":[5,78,86,103,109,127,133,151],"location":[6],"of":[7,13,22,49,54,66,111],"a":[8,11,91,94],"using":[10],"variety":[12],"relative":[14],"position":[15],"information.":[16],"Many":[17],"algorithms":[18],"use":[19],"certain":[20],"powers":[21,65],"distances":[23,67],"to":[24],"effect":[25],"localization.":[26],"practice,":[28],"exact":[29],"distance":[30],"measurement":[31],"is":[32,82],"not":[33],"directly":[34],"available":[35],"and":[36,60,84,93,114,140,145],"must":[37],"be":[38],"estimated":[39],"from":[40,68],"information":[41],"such":[42],"as":[43],"received":[44],"signal":[45],"strength":[46],"(RSS),":[47],"time":[48,52],"arrival,":[50],"or":[51],"difference":[53],"arrival.":[55],"This":[56],"letter":[57],"considers":[58],"bias":[59,92,144],"variance":[61],"issues":[62],"in":[63,150],"estimating":[64],"RSS":[69],"affected":[70],"by":[71],"practical":[72],"log-normal":[73],"shadowing.":[74],"We":[75,106],"show":[76,115,141],"that":[77,85,98,116,120,142],"underlying":[79],"estimation":[80],"problem":[81],"inefficient":[83],"maximum":[87],"likelihood":[88],"estimate":[89,139],"yields":[90],"mean-square":[95,136],"error":[96,137],"(MSE)":[97],"both":[99,148],"increase":[100],"exponentially":[101,125],"with":[102,126],"noise":[104,128,152],"power.":[105,129,153],"then":[107],"characterize":[108],"class":[110],"unbiased":[112],"there":[117],"isonlyoneestimatorinthisclass,":[118],"but":[119],"its":[121,143],"MSE":[122,146],"also":[123],"grows":[124],"Finally,":[130],"we":[131],"provide":[132],"linear":[134],"minimum":[135],"(MMSE)":[138],"are":[147],"bounded":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}