{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109470528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts014","title":"Internal and external simultaneous optimization of an irreversible thermoelectric generator for maximum power output","display_name":"Internal and external simultaneous optimization of an irreversible thermoelectric generator for maximum power output","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109470528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts014","mag":"2109470528"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijlct/cts014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts014","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ijlct/article-pdf/8/3/188/1944518/cts014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200298645","display_name":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","issn_l":"1748-1317","issn":["1748-1317","1748-1325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ijlct/article-pdf/8/3/188/1944518/cts014.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061326214","display_name":"Lingen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9012-6736","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9012-6736"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Naval Architecture and Power, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Naval Architecture and Power, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089748187","display_name":"Fankai Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-3609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-3609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Naval Architecture and Power, Naval University of Engineering,  Wuhan 430033, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Naval Architecture and Power, Naval University of Engineering,  Wuhan 430033, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023084873","display_name":"Fu\u2010Hua Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-7838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-7838"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Naval Architecture and Power, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Naval Architecture and Power, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"],"apc_list":{"value":2886,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2886},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5215,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57389306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"188","last_page":"196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.7925000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.7925000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12139","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","score":0.19020000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-generators","display_name":"thermoelectric generators","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-equilibrium-thermodynamics","display_name":"non-equilibrium thermodynamics","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-power","display_name":"peak power","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seebeck-effect","display_name":"Seebeck effect","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joule-effect","display_name":"Joule effect","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thomson-effect","display_name":"Thomson effect","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-heat-conduction","display_name":"Fourier heat conduction","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-rate-heat-transfer","display_name":"finite-rate heat transfer","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-optimization","display_name":"multivariate optimization","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-generator-design","display_name":"thermoelectric generator design","score":0.7649999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117127486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11569191","display_name":"Thermoelectric generator","level":3,"score":0.8322271108627319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63024428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552456","display_name":"Thermoelectric effect","level":2,"score":0.7305521965026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.5245457291603088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.5241646766662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112625512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448","display_name":"Seebeck coefficient","level":3,"score":0.5238513946533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5180101990699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5164301991462708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.5106659531593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117926987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210009","display_name":"Joule heating","level":2,"score":0.4657405614852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186394612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098942","display_name":"Optimal design","level":2,"score":0.4577741324901581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4556962549686432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779058145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294583","display_name":"Joule (programming language)","level":3,"score":0.4475369453430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106889404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294587","display_name":"Joule effect","level":3,"score":0.4283333420753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117312493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2035437","display_name":"Multivariable calculus","level":2,"score":0.4237169623374939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.38524729013442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3309924006462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2737343907356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2623435854911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.24205949902534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17264986038208008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16614091396331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.07644423842430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijlct/cts014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts014","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ijlct/article-pdf/8/3/188/1944518/cts014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200298645","display_name":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","issn_l":"1748-1317","issn":["1748-1317","1748-1325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oup:ijlctc:v:8:y:2012:i:3:p:188-196","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/ijlct/cts014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijlct/cts014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts014","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ijlct/article-pdf/8/3/188/1944518/cts014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200298645","display_name":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","issn_l":"1748-1317","issn":["1748-1317","1748-1325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330393","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2109470528.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2109470528.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W389868541","https://openalex.org/W1496654623","https://openalex.org/W1530538645","https://openalex.org/W1964806206","https://openalex.org/W1972850025","https://openalex.org/W1989691677","https://openalex.org/W1991881874","https://openalex.org/W1994715177","https://openalex.org/W2010085670","https://openalex.org/W2010758941","https://openalex.org/W2012789723","https://openalex.org/W2012870184","https://openalex.org/W2019848159","https://openalex.org/W2021395196","https://openalex.org/W2029985122","https://openalex.org/W2030159662","https://openalex.org/W2038603175","https://openalex.org/W2041532378","https://openalex.org/W2042361139","https://openalex.org/W2047659749","https://openalex.org/W2055047784","https://openalex.org/W2057164963","https://openalex.org/W2070965629","https://openalex.org/W2082409063","https://openalex.org/W2085565375","https://openalex.org/W2094463614","https://openalex.org/W2110148935","https://openalex.org/W2122565241","https://openalex.org/W2151592156","https://openalex.org/W2921592929","https://openalex.org/W4250485318","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2897078482","https://openalex.org/W2111887416","https://openalex.org/W2348360537","https://openalex.org/W2095472378","https://openalex.org/W4311387281","https://openalex.org/W2047659749","https://openalex.org/W2057164963","https://openalex.org/W4413927624","https://openalex.org/W2010758941","https://openalex.org/W1998917860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"generalized":[1],"finite-time":[2],"thermodynamic":[3],"model":[4,61,160],"of":[5,49,67,75,95,102,126,180],"irreversible":[6],"multi-element":[7,69],"thermoelectric":[8,70,77,96,181],"generator":[9],"is":[10,32,62,73,79,87,152],"established":[11],"taking":[12],"into":[13],"account":[14],"inner":[15,19],"and":[16,28,43,52,56,98,113,143,154,161,174],"external":[17,114],"factors.The":[18],"effects":[20,125],"include":[21],"Seebeck":[22],"effect,":[23,25],"Fourier":[24],"Joule":[26],"effect":[27],"Thomson":[29],"effect.The":[30],"irreversibility":[31],"caused":[33],"by":[34],"the":[35,40,44,50,65,108,131,140,144,149,172,178],"finite-rate":[36],"heat":[37,41],"transfer":[38],"between":[39,139],"reservoirs":[42],"device.The":[45],"theoretical":[46],"iterative":[47],"functions":[48],"hot":[51],"cold":[53],"junction":[54],"temperatures":[55],"energy":[57],"equations":[58],"are":[59,118,134],"obtained.The":[60],"applied":[63,168],"to":[64,107,169],"analysis":[66,173],"a":[68,121],"generator,":[71],"which":[72],"made":[74],"typical":[76],"materials.It":[78],"found":[80],"that,":[81],"for":[82,120,156],"given":[83],"other":[84],"parameters,":[85],"there":[86],"an":[88,92,99],"optimal":[89,93,100,132],"electrical":[90],"current,":[91],"length":[94],"elements":[97],"ratio":[101],"thermal":[103],"conductance":[104],"allocation":[105],"corresponding":[106],"maximum":[109,122],"power":[110,123,142,146],"output.Thus,":[111],"internal":[112],"simultaneous":[115],"multivariable":[116,150],"optimizations":[117],"performed":[119],"output.The":[124],"several":[127],"important":[128],"parameters":[129],"on":[130],"variables":[133],"analyzed":[135],"in":[136],"detail.The":[137],"comparison":[138],"optimized":[141],"non-optimized":[145],"shows":[147],"that":[148],"optimization":[151,162,175],"necessary":[153],"effective":[155],"various":[157],"working":[158],"conditions.The":[159],"conclusions":[163],"obtained":[164],"herein":[165],"can":[166],"be":[167],"not":[170],"only":[171],"but":[176],"also":[177],"design":[179],"generators.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}