{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109454618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900009936","title":"American-German Return Migration in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries","display_name":"American-German Return Migration in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109454618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900009936","mag":"2109454618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0008938900009936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900009936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900009936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198731068","display_name":"Central European History","issn_l":"0008-9389","issn":["0008-9389","1569-1616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Central European History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031716434","display_name":"G\u00fcnter Moltmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G\u00fcnter Moltmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031716434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26914894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"378","last_page":"392"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11648","display_name":"Diaspora, migration, transnational identity","score":0.7089999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11648","display_name":"Diaspora, migration, transnational identity","score":0.7089999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14004","display_name":"History and Cultural Heritage","score":0.1193000003695488,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.08259999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-migration","display_name":"return migration","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-emigration-to-the-united-states","display_name":"German emigration to the United States","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nineteenth-century-migration","display_name":"nineteenth-century migration","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transatlantic-migration","display_name":"transatlantic migration","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emigration-from-europe","display_name":"emigration from Europe","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charles-dickens","display_name":"Charles Dickens","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-notes","display_name":"American Notes","score":0.796999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104151175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187668","display_name":"Emigration","level":2,"score":0.8384747505187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.6681158542633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530175646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11460","display_name":"Clothing","level":2,"score":0.569668173789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77265313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879844","display_name":"Rest (music)","level":2,"score":0.5341547727584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.5322878956794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5314027070999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.5188871026039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3073304295539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.19922685623168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15279188752174377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0008938900009936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900009936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900009936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198731068","display_name":"Central European History","issn_l":"0008-9389","issn":["0008-9389","1569-1616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Central European History","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98080061","https://openalex.org/W563600946","https://openalex.org/W563719607","https://openalex.org/W616939976","https://openalex.org/W630223192","https://openalex.org/W648968271","https://openalex.org/W1501107235","https://openalex.org/W1564923612","https://openalex.org/W1989143322","https://openalex.org/W2049810736","https://openalex.org/W2070018716","https://openalex.org/W2094502895","https://openalex.org/W2314566119","https://openalex.org/W2321778210","https://openalex.org/W2323335712","https://openalex.org/W2330467584","https://openalex.org/W2480184639","https://openalex.org/W2801391068","https://openalex.org/W3124865374","https://openalex.org/W4247138694","https://openalex.org/W4256133482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234183806","https://openalex.org/W7052274198","https://openalex.org/W7139044197","https://openalex.org/W3008471570","https://openalex.org/W1944905632","https://openalex.org/W2525540483","https://openalex.org/W2475822792","https://openalex.org/W1998036943","https://openalex.org/W2495707877","https://openalex.org/W4249907342"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Every":[0],"historian":[1],"studying":[2],"the":[3,8,23,31,61,93,114,130,133],"emigration":[4],"of":[5,22,70,74,96,132],"Europeans":[6],"to":[7,34,56,112,120],"United":[9,32],"States":[10,33],"discovers":[11],"during":[12],"such":[13],"research":[14],"that":[15,97],"there":[16],"was":[17],"not":[18],"only":[19],"a":[20,27,51,64,67],"crossing":[21],"Atlantic":[24],"westward,":[25],"but":[26,80,84],"return":[28],"movement":[29],"from":[30,54],"Europe":[35],"as":[36],"well.":[37],"In":[38],"1842":[39],"Charles":[40],"Dickens":[41],"in":[42,60,78,92,100],"his":[43,48],"American":[44],"Notes":[45],"wrote":[46],"about":[47],"experiences":[49],"on":[50],"ship":[52,99],"traveling":[53],"America":[55,79],"England:":[57],"\u201cWe":[58],"carried":[59],"steerage":[62],"nearly":[63],"hundred":[65],"passengers:":[66],"little":[68],"world":[69],"poverty.":[71],"\u2026":[72,135],"Some":[73],"them":[75],"had":[76,89,108,117,124],"been":[77],"three":[81,85],"days,":[82],"some":[83,88],"months,":[86],"and":[87,116,127],"gone":[90],"out":[91],"last":[94],"voyage":[95],"very":[98],"which":[101],"they":[102,143],"were":[103,137],"now":[104],"returning":[105],"home.":[106],"Others":[107],"sold":[109],"their":[110],"clothes":[111],"raise":[113],"passage-money,":[115],"hardly":[118],"rags":[119],"cover":[121],"them;":[122],"others":[123],"no":[125],"food,":[126],"lived":[128],"upon":[129],"charity":[131],"rest.":[134],"They":[136],"coming":[138],"back,":[139],"even":[140],"poorer":[141],"than":[142],"went.\u201d":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
