{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109127271","doi":null,"title":"Effects of cold and clothing on metabolism in female cyclists","display_name":"Effects of cold and clothing on metabolism in female cyclists","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109127271","mag":"2109127271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11396576680001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/graduate/Effects-of-cold-and-clothing-on/9926478877701891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396576670001891/13397150460001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Masters Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396576670001891/13397150460001891","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053479652","display_name":"Evelyn B. Parr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-6381","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-6381"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Evelyn B. Parr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-6381","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053479652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.8773999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.8773999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.06689999997615814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.02290000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-exposure","display_name":"cold exposure","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate-metabolism","display_name":"substrate metabolism","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-cyclists","display_name":"women cyclists","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fat-oxidation","display_name":"fat oxidation","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbohydrate-oxidation","display_name":"carbohydrate oxidation","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-oxidation","display_name":"protein oxidation","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-glycogen","display_name":"muscle glycogen","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-body-temperature","display_name":"core body temperature","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-temperature","display_name":"skin temperature","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-sensation","display_name":"thermal sensation","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rating-of-perceived-exertion","display_name":"rating of perceived exertion","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endurance-cycling","display_name":"endurance cycling","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-stress","display_name":"cold stress","score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-thermoregulation","display_name":"exercise thermoregulation","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530175646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11460","display_name":"Clothing","level":2,"score":0.5822699666023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116254018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919458","display_name":"Respiratory exchange ratio","level":4,"score":0.527953028678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35341185331344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3352288603782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2397315502166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11607617139816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11396576680001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/graduate/Effects-of-cold-and-clothing-on/9926478877701891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396576670001891/13397150460001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Masters Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ourarchive.otago.ac.nz:10523/363","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10523/363","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10523/363","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2109127271","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/bitstream/10523/363/1/EBParr_MPhEd_Thesis.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11396576680001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/graduate/Effects-of-cold-and-clothing-on/9926478877701891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396576670001891/13397150460001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Masters Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2109127271.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2109127271.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":105,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1463923","https://openalex.org/W57599211","https://openalex.org/W78247389","https://openalex.org/W94780687","https://openalex.org/W120288851","https://openalex.org/W207573492","https://openalex.org/W223526879","https://openalex.org/W621877707","https://openalex.org/W1509518185","https://openalex.org/W1509695549","https://openalex.org/W1562114127","https://openalex.org/W1826835110","https://openalex.org/W1886318705","https://openalex.org/W1940964014","https://openalex.org/W1944599761","https://openalex.org/W1951532834","https://openalex.org/W1963582211","https://openalex.org/W1967202115","https://openalex.org/W1967611733","https://openalex.org/W1971762851","https://openalex.org/W1974545278","https://openalex.org/W1975722780","https://openalex.org/W1977270465","https://openalex.org/W1979208993","https://openalex.org/W1980785904","https://openalex.org/W1982304489","https://openalex.org/W1982313970","https://openalex.org/W1984681626","https://openalex.org/W1986737242","https://openalex.org/W1997480679","https://openalex.org/W1997788836","https://openalex.org/W2000328306","https://openalex.org/W2001490926","https://openalex.org/W2002980117","https://openalex.org/W2007906731","https://openalex.org/W2012903536","https://openalex.org/W2013788020","https://openalex.org/W2018932092","https://openalex.org/W2020514751","https://openalex.org/W2022499414","https://openalex.org/W2026796541","https://openalex.org/W2027072654","https://openalex.org/W2029037634","https://openalex.org/W2029779155","https://openalex.org/W2029780371","https://openalex.org/W2040989044","https://openalex.org/W2047381197","https://openalex.org/W2049739232","https://openalex.org/W2053540075","https://openalex.org/W2055875303","https://openalex.org/W2056451258","https://openalex.org/W2060029862","https://openalex.org/W2063985526","https://openalex.org/W2067455450","https://openalex.org/W2069763517","https://openalex.org/W2071998305","https://openalex.org/W2073964574","https://openalex.org/W2075280066","https://openalex.org/W2086350538","https://openalex.org/W2088063590","https://openalex.org/W2089437141","https://openalex.org/W2092061426","https://openalex.org/W2092174642","https://openalex.org/W2095385234","https://openalex.org/W2097092292","https://openalex.org/W2097875163","https://openalex.org/W2098367009","https://openalex.org/W2100632158","https://openalex.org/W2103149830","https://openalex.org/W2103334727","https://openalex.org/W2105411689","https://openalex.org/W2108577381","https://openalex.org/W2111037882","https://openalex.org/W2114785687","https://openalex.org/W2119534759","https://openalex.org/W2123567579","https://openalex.org/W2128231432","https://openalex.org/W2128345961","https://openalex.org/W2131908722","https://openalex.org/W2133799272","https://openalex.org/W2140104724","https://openalex.org/W2140616308","https://openalex.org/W2140759276","https://openalex.org/W2146163642","https://openalex.org/W2146527496","https://openalex.org/W2153215264","https://openalex.org/W2155368551","https://openalex.org/W2156026771","https://openalex.org/W2157150451","https://openalex.org/W2161826939","https://openalex.org/W2168637780","https://openalex.org/W2174114511","https://openalex.org/W2177016730","https://openalex.org/W2187330942","https://openalex.org/W2189874778","https://openalex.org/W2226148915","https://openalex.org/W2256833960","https://openalex.org/W2274561916","https://openalex.org/W2285854900","https://openalex.org/W2299613565","https://openalex.org/W2300279510","https://openalex.org/W2343806847","https://openalex.org/W2408983378","https://openalex.org/W2413498868","https://openalex.org/W2992301356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185464559","https://openalex.org/W3177187290","https://openalex.org/W2944358966","https://openalex.org/W2618087257","https://openalex.org/W4391639357","https://openalex.org/W3208085282","https://openalex.org/W1997788836","https://openalex.org/W2048624372","https://openalex.org/W2080810290","https://openalex.org/W3022798780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"investigating":[1],"substrate":[2,32],"metabolism":[3,33,428,476],"during":[4],"exercise":[5,336],"with":[6,159,177],"female":[7,52],"participants":[8],"is":[9,423],"limited,":[10],"especially":[11],"regarding":[12],"effects":[13],"of":[14,19,40,162,237,243,312,470,492],"cold":[15,28],"stress.":[16],"The":[17,151,446],"aims":[18],"this":[20,449],"study":[21,450],"were":[22,194,247,273,399],"to":[23,362,454,459,473],"determine":[24],"whether":[25,37],"exercising":[26],"in":[27,34,48,96,129,147,156,167,216,285,316,359,380,402,427,444,448,477],"ambient":[29],"temperature":[30,226,231,455],"affects":[31],"females":[35],"and":[36,104,108,115,141,186,196,203,219,234,241,280,309,346,355,367,376,408,413,415,462,483],"the":[38,45,49,148,160,168,468,478],"addition":[39,161,469],"a":[41,142,178,310,490],"thermal":[42,165,238,389],"layer":[43,166],"alters":[44],"metabolic":[46],"response":[47],"cold.":[50],"Trained":[51],"cyclists":[53],"(n":[54],"=":[55,307,331,411,418],"11,":[56],"age":[57],"26":[58],"\u00b1":[59,64,70,76,82,87,91,292,298,302,321,327],"7":[60],"y,":[61],"height":[62],"1.69":[63],"0.08":[65],"m,":[66],"body":[67,79,460],"mass":[68],"63.9":[69],"7.2":[71],"kg,":[72],"\u22118":[73],"skinfolds":[74],"111.6":[75],"22.5":[77],"mm,":[78],"fat":[80,187,265,283,481],"20":[81],"3%,":[83],"O2":[84],"max":[85],"48":[86],"8":[88],"ml.kg-1\u00b7min-1,":[89],"mean":[90,301],"SD)":[92,303],"performed":[93],"three":[94],"trials":[95],"pseudo-random":[97],"order;":[98],"two":[99],"at":[100,110,137,180,433],"5":[101,170,434],"\u00baC":[102,112],"(Cold":[103],"Clothing":[105,286,368,394,416],"(C5":[106],"\u00b0C))":[107],"one":[109],"15":[111,192,250,437],"(Temperate),":[113],"93":[114],"79%":[116],"relative":[117],"humidity":[118],"(RH),":[119],"resp.":[120],"Exercise":[121],"comprised":[122],"warm-up":[123],"(30":[124],"min":[125,135],"~30%":[126],"VO2":[127,139],"max)":[128],"17.8":[130],"\u00b0C":[131,171,354,357,435,438],"(43%":[132],"RH),":[133],"75":[134],"cycling":[136,432],"~74%":[138],"max,":[140],"4":[143],"km":[144],"time":[145,403],"trial":[146,172,404],"test":[149],"environment.":[150],"same":[152],"attire":[153],"was":[154,208,254,304,341,352,374,378,391],"worn":[155],"each":[157],"trial,":[158],"an":[163],"extra":[164],"second":[169],"(Clothing;":[173],"C5":[174,295,324],"\u00b0C),":[175],"all":[176],"fan":[179],"3.9":[181],"m\u00b7s-1.":[182],"Total":[183],"carbohydrate":[184],"(CHO)":[185],"oxidation":[188,200,207,253,272,284,315],"(indirect":[189],"calorimetry":[190],"every":[191,249],"min)":[193],"calculated":[195],"corrected":[197],"for":[198],"protein":[199],"(from":[201],"sweat":[202],"urine":[204],"urea).":[205],"CHO":[206,314,475],"partitioned":[209],"using":[210],"[13C6]glucose":[211],"tracer":[212],"methodology,":[213],"measuring":[214],"enrichment":[215],"breath":[217],"(CO2)":[218],"blood":[220],"(glucose).":[221],"Heart":[222],"rate":[223],"(HR),":[224],"skin":[225],"(Tsk)":[227],"(nine":[228],"sites),":[229],"core":[230],"(Tc)":[232],"(rectal),":[233],"subjective":[235],"measures":[236],"sensation,":[239],"discomfort":[240,377],"rating":[242],"percieved":[244],"exertion":[245],"(RPE)":[246],"recorded":[248],"min.":[251],"Protein":[252],"not":[255,342],"different":[256,274,343],"between":[257,278,344,406,429],"conditions":[258],"(p":[259,275,306,337,364,369,395,410,417],"<":[260,338,365,370,386,396],"0.05).":[261],"Neither":[262],"total":[263],"CHO,":[264],"oxidation,":[266],"muscle":[267],"glycogen":[268],"or":[269,349,463],"liver-derived":[270],"glucose":[271],">":[276],"0.05)":[277],"Cold":[279,288,317,345,360,381,407,414],"Temperate.":[281],"Reduced":[282],"versus":[287],"(5":[289,318],"\u00b0C:":[290,296,319,325],"0.33":[291],"0.15":[293],"g\u00b7min-1;":[294,323,329],"0.25":[297],"0.21":[299],"g\u00b7min-1,":[300],"observed":[305],".031),":[308],"trend":[311],"incresed":[313],"1.96":[320],"0.44":[322],"2.19":[326],"0.48":[328],"p":[330,385],".058).":[332],"Tc":[333],"increased":[334],"across":[335],".001)":[339,366],"but":[340],"either":[347],"Temperate":[348,363,383,409],"Clothing.":[350],"sk":[351],"~6":[353],"~1":[356],"lower":[358,375],"compared":[361],".05).":[371],"Thermal":[372],"sensation":[373,390],"higher":[379],"than":[382,489],"(both":[384],".001).":[387,397],"Only":[388],"modified":[392],"by":[393],"There":[398],"no":[400,424],"differences":[401],"performance":[405],".23),":[412],".60).":[419],"In":[420],"conclusion,":[421],"there":[422],"large":[425],"difference":[426],"moderately":[430],"intensive":[431],"vs.":[436],"(with":[439],"substantial":[440],"facing":[441],"air":[442],"velocity)":[443],"women.":[445],"women":[447],"may":[451,484],"be":[452],"resilient":[453],"variation":[456],"possibly":[457],"due":[458],"composition":[461],"sex":[464],"hormone":[465],"influences.":[466],"Interestingly,":[467],"clothing":[471],"tends":[472],"stimulate":[474],"cold,":[479],"decreases":[480],"metabolism,":[482],"reflect":[485],"heat":[486],"stress":[487],"rather":[488],"lack":[491],"cooling.":[493]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
