{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109068423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955x09105372","title":"Understanding the Compressive Behavior of Linear and Cross-linked Poly(vinyl chloride) Foams","display_name":"Understanding the Compressive Behavior of Linear and Cross-linked Poly(vinyl chloride) Foams","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109068423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955x09105372","mag":"2109068423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0021955x09105372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955x09105372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955x09105372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90614866","display_name":"Journal of Cellular Plastics","issn_l":"0021-955X","issn":["0021-955X","1530-7999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cellular Plastics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111989909","display_name":"Goy Teck Lim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54009628","display_name":"University of Bayreuth","ror":"https://ror.org/0234wmv40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.T. Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 30, D - 95447, Bayreuth, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 30, D - 95447, Bayreuth, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112292034","display_name":"Volker Altst\u00e4dt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-6226","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-6226"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54009628","display_name":"University of Bayreuth","ror":"https://ror.org/0234wmv40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"V. Altst\u00e4dt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 30, D - 95447, Bayreuth, Germany,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 30, D - 95447, Bayreuth, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076631123","display_name":"Falko Ramsteiner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107087","display_name":"BASF (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01q8f6705","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107087"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Ramsteiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Kunststofflabor, D - 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Kunststofflabor, D - 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112292034"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9225,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74998743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"5","first_page":"419","last_page":"439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12628","display_name":"Polymer Foaming and Composites","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12628","display_name":"Polymer Foaming and Composites","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10707","display_name":"Cellular and Composite Structures","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-properties","display_name":"compressive properties","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foam-density","display_name":"foam density","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-interpenetrating-polymer-network","display_name":"semi-interpenetrating polymer network","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyurea","display_name":"polyurea","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyamide","display_name":"polyamide","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metered-dose-inhaler","display_name":"MDI","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrophilicity","display_name":"hydrophilicity","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-collapse","display_name":"cell collapse","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain-softening","display_name":"strain softening","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-modulus","display_name":"compressive modulus","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-strength","display_name":"yield strength","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foam-deformation","display_name":"foam deformation","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-model","display_name":"prediction model","score":0.4000000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8897977471351624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7310345768928528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.6491436958312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338869","display_name":"Vinyl chloride","level":4,"score":0.646077573299408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.5832777619361877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779578285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146322","display_name":"Polyurethane","level":2,"score":0.564737856388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776866176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146368","display_name":"Polyvinyl chloride","level":2,"score":0.5481021404266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100806243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2343294","display_name":"Blowing agent","level":3,"score":0.5357477068901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780534471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408365","display_name":"Isocyanate","level":3,"score":0.5105215311050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0021955x09105372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955x09105372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955x09105372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90614866","display_name":"Journal of Cellular Plastics","issn_l":"0021-955X","issn":["0021-955X","1530-7999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cellular Plastics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1005.3948","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1005.3948","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cel.sagepub.com/content/early/2009/06/23/0021955X09105372.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.991.7540","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.991.7540","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cel.sagepub.com/content/45/5/419.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eref.uni-bayreuth.de:56505","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eref.uni-bayreuth.de/56505/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196442","display_name":"ERef Bayreuth (University of Bayreuth)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I54009628","host_organization_name":"University of Bayreuth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Artikel in einer Zeitschrift"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587291975","https://openalex.org/W617942556","https://openalex.org/W1971386448","https://openalex.org/W1972958036","https://openalex.org/W1980406771","https://openalex.org/W1995966957","https://openalex.org/W2007225841","https://openalex.org/W2014947922","https://openalex.org/W2015011771","https://openalex.org/W2028920277","https://openalex.org/W2042406423","https://openalex.org/W2054345414","https://openalex.org/W2098010319","https://openalex.org/W2109604203","https://openalex.org/W4230902730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003278007","https://openalex.org/W2081371351","https://openalex.org/W2600418403","https://openalex.org/W3112120100","https://openalex.org/W2365556127","https://openalex.org/W1980406771","https://openalex.org/W2002804768","https://openalex.org/W2803574045","https://openalex.org/W2098010319","https://openalex.org/W4223502342"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,98],"work":[1],"reported":[2],"in":[3,35,101,146],"this":[4],"article":[5],"was":[6],"initiated":[7],"by":[8,96],"the":[9,20,43,82,109,126,152,166,186,197],"IUPAC":[10],"Subcommittee":[11],"\u2018Structure":[12,21],"and":[13,22,26,33,70,106,130,133,148,150,157,208],"Properties":[14],"of":[15,24,42,46,58,61,68,90,113,128,140,154,160,163,176,185,204],"Commercial":[16],"Polymers\u2019":[17],"to":[18,37,124,183,200],"study":[19,125],"properties":[23],"linear":[25,129],"cross-linked":[27,131,168],"structural":[28],"poly(vinyl":[29],"chloride)":[30],"(PVC)":[31],"foams\u2019,":[32],"intends":[34],"particular":[36],"give":[38,201],"a":[39,55,86],"good":[40],"understanding":[41],"compressive":[44,161,206],"response":[45,112],"these":[47,102,141],"PVC":[48,114,142,169,198],"foams":[49,132,143,164,199],"with":[50,73,165],"various":[51],"foam":[52,136,155],"densities.":[53],"From":[54],"careful":[56],"review":[57],"chemical":[59],"reactions":[60],"polymeric":[62],"methylene":[63],"diphenyl":[64],"diisocyanate":[65],"[a":[66],"mixture":[67],"4,4'-methylene-bis(phenyl-isocyanate)":[69],"oligomeric":[71],"isocyanates]":[72],"water":[74],"or":[75],"phthalic":[76],"acid,":[77],"it":[78],"is":[79,94,122,144],"known":[80],"from":[81],"material":[83],"supplier":[84],"that":[85,173],"semi-interpenetrating":[87],"polymer":[88],"network":[89],"polyureas":[91],"and/or":[92],"polyamides":[93],"formed":[95],"cross-linking.":[97,158],"amide":[99],"groups":[100],"polymers":[103],"are":[104,194],"hydrophilic":[105],"can":[107],"affect":[108],"overall":[110],"mechanical":[111],"foams,":[115],"especially":[116],"under":[117],"water.":[118],"Scanning":[119],"electron":[120],"microscopy":[121],"used":[123],"morphology":[127],"their":[134,205],"heterogeneous":[135],"deformation.":[137],"Compression":[138],"testing":[139,162],"conducted":[145],"air":[147],"water,":[149],"illustrates":[151],"influence":[153],"density":[156],"Correlation":[159],"corresponding":[167,187],"bulk":[170,188],"materials":[171],"suggests":[172],"elastic":[174],"collapse":[175],"cells":[177],"during":[178],"compression":[179],"may":[180],"be":[181],"linked":[182],"strain-softening":[184],"material.":[189],"Finally,":[190],"new":[191],"predictive":[192],"models":[193],"adopted":[195],"for":[196],"reasonable":[202],"estimates":[203],"modulus":[207],"yield":[209],"strength.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
