{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108988872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.2.473-476.2004","title":"Reemergence of Macrolide Resistance in Pharyngeal Isolates of Group A Streptococci in Southwestern Pennsylvania","display_name":"Reemergence of Macrolide Resistance in Pharyngeal Isolates of Group A Streptococci in Southwestern Pennsylvania","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108988872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.2.473-476.2004","mag":"2108988872","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14742197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/aac.48.2.473-476.2004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.2.473-476.2004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.2.473-476.2004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47215897","display_name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","issn_l":"0066-4804","issn":["0066-4804","1070-6283","1098-6596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/321548","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100628988","display_name":"Michael Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-2894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-2894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077537268","display_name":"Judith M. Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-1770","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-1770"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith M. Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047026418","display_name":"Karen A. Barbadora","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen A. Barbadora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071279105","display_name":"Bernard Beall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5315-1070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5315-1070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Beall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078089434","display_name":"Ellen R. Wald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-8532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-8532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen R. Wald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100628988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210130600"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3975,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96541534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"2","first_page":"473","last_page":"476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11153","display_name":"Streptococcal Infections and Treatments","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11153","display_name":"Streptococcal Infections and Treatments","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.0414000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1313","display_name":"Molecular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrolide-resistance","display_name":"macrolide resistance","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptococcus-pyogenes","display_name":"Streptococcus pyogenes","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharyngeal-isolates","display_name":"pharyngeal isolates","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erythromycin-resistance","display_name":"erythromycin resistance","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clindamycin-susceptibility","display_name":"clindamycin susceptibility","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mefa","display_name":"mefA","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erma","display_name":"ermA","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance-surveillance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance surveillance","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southwestern-pennsylvania","display_name":"southwestern Pennsylvania","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777458120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422273","display_name":"Clindamycin","level":3,"score":0.7946836948394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780206985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213511","display_name":"Erythromycin","level":3,"score":0.7707763314247131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.713617205619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778155338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422687","display_name":"Macrolide Antibiotics","level":4,"score":0.6952266693115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6613218784332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.5324878096580505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781209916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3215756","display_name":"Typing","level":2,"score":0.5200530886650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.4990839958190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.32441264390945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.13018697500228882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.1214248538017273}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002981","descriptor_name":"Clindamycin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002981","descriptor_name":"Clindamycin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002981","descriptor_name":"Clindamycin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002981","descriptor_name":"Clindamycin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004917","descriptor_name":"Erythromycin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004917","descriptor_name":"Erythromycin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004917","descriptor_name":"Erythromycin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004917","descriptor_name":"Erythromycin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010414","descriptor_name":"Pennsylvania","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010414","descriptor_name":"Pennsylvania","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010414","descriptor_name":"Pennsylvania","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010414","descriptor_name":"Pennsylvania","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010614","descriptor_name":"Pharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010614","descriptor_name":"Pharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010614","descriptor_name":"Pharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010614","descriptor_name":"Pharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011159","descriptor_name":"Population Surveillance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011159","descriptor_name":"Population Surveillance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011159","descriptor_name":"Population Surveillance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011159","descriptor_name":"Population Surveillance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013290","descriptor_name":"Streptococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013290","descriptor_name":"Streptococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013290","descriptor_name":"Streptococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013290","descriptor_name":"Streptococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013290","descriptor_name":"Streptococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013290","descriptor_name":"Streptococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013290","descriptor_name":"Streptococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013290","descriptor_name":"Streptococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013297","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus pyogenes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013297","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus pyogenes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013297","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus pyogenes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013297","descriptor_name":"Streptococcus pyogenes","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018942","descriptor_name":"Macrolides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018942","descriptor_name":"Macrolides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018942","descriptor_name":"Macrolides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018942","descriptor_name":"Macrolides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020133","descriptor_name":"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020133","descriptor_name":"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020133","descriptor_name":"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020133","descriptor_name":"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/aac.48.2.473-476.2004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.2.473-476.2004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.2.473-476.2004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47215897","display_name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","issn_l":"0066-4804","issn":["0066-4804","1070-6283","1098-6596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14742197","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14742197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:119907","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC321548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:321548","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/321548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:321548","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/321548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581962345","https://openalex.org/W1936862767","https://openalex.org/W1955612312","https://openalex.org/W1969062801","https://openalex.org/W1981653869","https://openalex.org/W1996261903","https://openalex.org/W1999389243","https://openalex.org/W2030513019","https://openalex.org/W2033185381","https://openalex.org/W2050631127","https://openalex.org/W2060882081","https://openalex.org/W2061592501","https://openalex.org/W2071425920","https://openalex.org/W2093601701","https://openalex.org/W2098093825","https://openalex.org/W2107059332","https://openalex.org/W2118744161","https://openalex.org/W2118746506","https://openalex.org/W2124912422","https://openalex.org/W2127686385","https://openalex.org/W2127931698","https://openalex.org/W2133017406","https://openalex.org/W2151190307","https://openalex.org/W2151946759","https://openalex.org/W2154079711","https://openalex.org/W2165928362","https://openalex.org/W2170218569","https://openalex.org/W2321640152","https://openalex.org/W2333906466","https://openalex.org/W2396399837","https://openalex.org/W2900095673","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377402670","https://openalex.org/W1495827436","https://openalex.org/W2099772106","https://openalex.org/W2390382535","https://openalex.org/W2361731146","https://openalex.org/W2391187375","https://openalex.org/W2359572154","https://openalex.org/W2348466235","https://openalex.org/W2362960946","https://openalex.org/W2531239281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"previously":[1,286],"reported":[2],"on":[3],"the":[4,21,54,107,153,173,184,218,232,240,271,281,299,306],"emergence":[5],"of":[6,10,20,57,99,102,125,135,155,159,226,251,254,260,290,301],"macrolide-resistant":[7],"pharyngeal":[8,49,258],"isolates":[9,34,51,101,117,161,171,182,197,227,259,291],"group":[11],"A":[12,97,149],"streptococci":[13],"(GAS)":[14],"in":[15,29,32,35,152,165,267,280,305],"our":[16,268],"community.":[17],"The":[18,122,221,249],"purpose":[19],"present":[22],"study":[23,108],"was":[24,45,85,163,235,245,285],"to":[25,41,120,131,177,188,200,297],"track":[26],"longitudinal":[27],"trends":[28],"macrolide":[30,113,126,147,156,178,255],"resistance":[31,71,127,157,256],"these":[33,196],"southwestern":[36],"Pennsylvania.":[37],"Testing":[38],"for":[39,47,231,242,262],"susceptibility":[40],"erythromycin":[42],"and":[43,59,67,73,80,92,167,180,192,203,210],"clindamycin":[44],"performed":[46],"all":[48,116],"GAS":[50,103,261,304],"recovered":[52,105,139],"at":[53,223],"Children's":[55],"Hospital":[56],"Pittsburgh":[58],"a":[60,263],"local":[61],"pediatric":[62],"practice":[63],"between":[64],"September":[65,141],"2001":[66,142],"May":[68,168],"2002.":[69,169],"Macrolide":[70],"phenotypes":[72],"genotypes":[74],"were":[75,104,112,118,146,198,215],"determined":[76,86],"by":[77,87],"double-disk":[78],"diffusion":[79],"PCR,":[81],"respectively.":[82,205],"Strain":[83],"relatedness":[84],"field":[88],"inversion":[89],"gel":[90],"electrophoresis":[91],"emm":[93],"gene":[94],"sequence":[95],"typing.":[96],"total":[98],"708":[100],"during":[106],"period;":[109],"68":[110],"(9.6%)":[111],"resistant,":[114],"while":[115,239],"sensitive":[119],"clindamycin.":[121],"monthly":[123],"prevalence":[124,300],"ranged":[128],"from":[129,140,292],"0":[130],"41%.":[132],"Only":[133],"21":[134],"573":[136],"(3.7%)":[137],"strains":[138,234,244],"through":[143],"March":[144],"2002":[145],"resistant.":[148],"sudden":[150],"increase":[151],"rate":[154],"(47":[158],"135":[160],"[35%])":[162],"seen":[164],"April":[166],"Sixty-two":[170],"demonstrated":[172,183],"M":[174],"phenotype":[175,186],"(resistance":[176,187],"antibiotics),":[179],"six":[181],"MLS(B)":[185],"most":[189],"macrolide,":[190],"lincosamide,":[191],"streptogramin":[193],"B":[194],"antibiotics);":[195],"confirmed":[199],"be":[201,277],"mef(A)":[202,208,233],"erm(A),":[204],"Three":[206],"unique":[207,212],"clones":[209,214],"four":[211],"erm(A)":[213,243],"identified":[216],"among":[217,257],"resistant":[219],"isolates.":[220],"MIC":[222],"which":[224],"50%":[225],"are":[228],"inhibited":[229],"(MIC(50))":[230],"16":[236],"micro":[237,247],"g/ml,":[238],"MIC(50)":[241],"8":[246],"g/ml.":[248],"finding":[250],"high":[252],"levels":[253],"second":[264],"successive":[265],"year":[266],"community":[269],"raises":[270],"concern":[272],"that":[273],"this":[274],"problem":[275],"may":[276],"more":[278],"common":[279],"United":[282,307],"States":[283],"than":[284],"appreciated.":[287],"Longitudinal":[288],"surveillance":[289],"multiple":[293],"centers":[294],"is":[295],"needed":[296],"define":[298],"antimicrobial":[302],"agent-resistant":[303],"States.":[308]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}