{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108659548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.3.1608-1610.2003","title":"Clostridium difficile Vaccine and Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibody Response to Toxin A","display_name":"Clostridium difficile Vaccine and Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibody Response to Toxin A","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108659548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.3.1608-1610.2003","mag":"2108659548","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12595488","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/148861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/iai.71.3.1608-1610.2003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.3.1608-1610.2003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.3.1608-1610.2003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128227336","display_name":"Infection and Immunity","issn_l":"0019-9567","issn":["0019-9567","1070-6313","1098-5522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and Immunity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/148861","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077319862","display_name":"Samer Aboudola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samer Aboudola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gastroenterology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gastroenterology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025149327","display_name":"Karen L. Kotloff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-6431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-6431"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karen L. Kotloff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111500685","display_name":"Lorraine Kyne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorraine Kyne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gerontology Divisions, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gerontology Divisions, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048205079","display_name":"Michel Warny","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Warny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acambis, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acambis, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002906628","display_name":"Eoin C. Kelly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eoin C. Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gastroenterology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gastroenterology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023453123","display_name":"Stavros Sougioultzis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stavros Sougioultzis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gastroenterology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gastroenterology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041244892","display_name":"Paul J. Giannasca","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul J. Giannasca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acambis, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acambis, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055066987","display_name":"Thomas P. C. Monath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-4599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-4599"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas P. Monath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Acambis, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Acambis, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102006492","display_name":"Ciar\u00e1n P. Kelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8216-1240","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8216-1240"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciara\u0301n P. Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gastroenterology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gastroenterology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025149327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2709,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":138,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9487128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"3","first_page":"1608","last_page":"1610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11288","display_name":"Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11288","display_name":"Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12499","display_name":"Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1310","display_name":"Endocrinology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10943","display_name":"Escherichia coli research studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1310","display_name":"Endocrinology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clostridioides-difficile","display_name":"Clostridium difficile","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxoid-vaccine","display_name":"toxoid vaccine","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxin-a","display_name":"toxin A","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igg","display_name":"IgG","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-response","display_name":"antibody response","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clostridium-difficile-associated-diarrhea","display_name":"Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colitis","display_name":"colitis","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-immunogenicity","display_name":"vaccine immunogenicity","score":0.7319999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994496256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27031090","display_name":"Clostridium difficile","level":3,"score":0.8443162441253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908822","display_name":"Toxoid","level":4,"score":0.8120421171188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97505648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135488","display_name":"Clostridium difficile toxin A","level":4,"score":0.8114821910858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777367657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184651","display_name":"Toxin","level":2,"score":0.7225931882858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779802037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878","display_name":"Diarrhea","level":2,"score":0.6598749160766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134193097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135489","display_name":"Clostridium difficile toxin B","level":5,"score":0.6530052423477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6338140964508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.6226529479026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79448","display_name":"Immunoglobulin G","level":3,"score":0.5423624515533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.540719747543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5059053301811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.43278104066848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779102806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79453","display_name":"Immunoglobulin A","level":4,"score":0.42531314492225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.34324929118156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3010432720184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.2114408016204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1373613178730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.07572650909423828}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001427","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Toxins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001428","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004768","descriptor_name":"Enterotoxins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014121","descriptor_name":"Toxoids","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016360","descriptor_name":"Clostridioides difficile","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/iai.71.3.1608-1610.2003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.3.1608-1610.2003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.3.1608-1610.2003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128227336","display_name":"Infection and Immunity","issn_l":"0019-9567","issn":["0019-9567","1070-6313","1098-5522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and Immunity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:148861","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/148861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infect Immun","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:12595488","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12595488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection and immunity","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:148861","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/148861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infect Immun","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1521345354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RR 01032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1821232361","display_name":"AGING AND THE HUMAN ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO C. DIFFICILE","funder_award_id":"K23AG000971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1965693957","display_name":"Biomarkers of Homestatic Dysregulation in Aging and Chronic Disease","funder_award_id":"Z01AG000971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2580866479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI-45251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2872377240","display_name":"General Clinical Research Center","funder_award_id":"M01RR001032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G662966554","display_name":"CONTROL MESURES IN AGING AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE","funder_award_id":"n01ai045251-006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23273150","https://openalex.org/W52457071","https://openalex.org/W1540397453","https://openalex.org/W1943657509","https://openalex.org/W1991726734","https://openalex.org/W2003370562","https://openalex.org/W2010075812","https://openalex.org/W2046330978","https://openalex.org/W2051223662","https://openalex.org/W2051401943","https://openalex.org/W2061555327","https://openalex.org/W2117604887","https://openalex.org/W2128815796","https://openalex.org/W2136547924","https://openalex.org/W2139050209","https://openalex.org/W2167766152","https://openalex.org/W2168953067","https://openalex.org/W2277430674","https://openalex.org/W2328690882","https://openalex.org/W2341427843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239835768","https://openalex.org/W2006829441","https://openalex.org/W2035455077","https://openalex.org/W2136547924","https://openalex.org/W2105304995","https://openalex.org/W2129946284","https://openalex.org/W2139050209","https://openalex.org/W4255873469","https://openalex.org/W4390707496","https://openalex.org/W2025842490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,93],"strong":[3],"association":[4],"between":[5],"serum":[6,71],"antibody":[7],"responses":[8,26],"to":[9,27,95],"toxin":[10],"A":[11,18,29,45,73],"and":[12,103],"protection":[13,61],"against":[14,99],"Clostridium":[15],"difficile":[16,21],"diarrhea.":[17],"parenteral":[19],"C.":[20,100],"toxoid":[22],"vaccine":[23,94],"induced":[24],"very-high-level":[25],"anti-toxin":[28,44,72],"immunoglobulin":[30],"G":[31],"(IgG)":[32],"in":[33,47,62,75],"the":[34,41,48,55,67,76,83,89],"sera":[35,49],"of":[36,43,50,70,91],"healthy":[37],"volunteers.":[38],"After":[39],"vaccination,":[40],"concentrations":[42,56],"IgG":[46,74],"all":[51],"30":[52],"recipients":[53],"exceeded":[54],"that":[57],"were":[58],"associated":[59],"with":[60],"previous":[63,84],"clinical":[64],"studies.":[65],"Furthermore,":[66],"median":[68],"concentration":[69],"test":[77],"group":[78],"was":[79],"50-fold":[80],"higher":[81],"than":[82],"threshold.":[85],"These":[86],"findings":[87],"support":[88],"feasibility":[90],"using":[92],"protect":[96],"high-risk":[97],"individuals":[98],"difficile-associated":[101],"diarrhea":[102],"colitis.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
