{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108653447","doi":null,"title":"QUERY UNDERSTANDING Applying Machine Learning Algorithms for Named Entity Recognition","display_name":"QUERY UNDERSTANDING Applying Machine Learning Algorithms for Named Entity Recognition","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108653447","mag":"2108653447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2099.1/24718","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2099.1/24718","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2099.1/24718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2099.1/24718","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022186295","display_name":"Paul Ashaolu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Ashaolu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067693515","display_name":"Oscar Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-8328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-8328"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-8328","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048760638","display_name":"Toni Cebri\u00e1n","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toni Cebrian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8090999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8090999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.13830000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.03759999945759773,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"named entity recognition","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-understanding","display_name":"query understanding","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-specific-search-engines","display_name":"domain-specific search engines","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-intent","display_name":"user intention","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-models","display_name":"hidden Markov models","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-fields","display_name":"conditional random fields","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network","display_name":"artificial neural networks","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphological-features","display_name":"morphological features","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-representations","display_name":"distributed representations","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance-ranking","display_name":"relevance ranking","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8118220567703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7652949094772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6320122480392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6028084754943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5521107912063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.5401851534843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5019247531890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.4444178342819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4396606683731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42462727427482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.41372349858283997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2099.1/24718","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2099.1/24718","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2099.1/24718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:upcommonspor::6353e56050e2c3a306477cdabf2348f9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2099.1/24718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:recercat.cat:2072/245547","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2099.1/24718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402147","display_name":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},{"id":"mag:2108653447","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://it4bi.univ-tours.fr/it4bi/medias/pdfs/Query-Understanding.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2099.1/24718","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2099.1/24718","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2099.1/24718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2108653447.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2108653447.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281541","https://openalex.org/W86887328","https://openalex.org/W100623710","https://openalex.org/W103729224","https://openalex.org/W130850236","https://openalex.org/W145476170","https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W608680103","https://openalex.org/W886998232","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1502473750","https://openalex.org/W1505796919","https://openalex.org/W1529355025","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1568620938","https://openalex.org/W1607576325","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1834104634","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1976339715","https://openalex.org/W1979185006","https://openalex.org/W1983073929","https://openalex.org/W1983766967","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2000826169","https://openalex.org/W2002388301","https://openalex.org/W2017879678","https://openalex.org/W2032026767","https://openalex.org/W2034927834","https://openalex.org/W2036343664","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2050078085","https://openalex.org/W2051669046","https://openalex.org/W2056451646","https://openalex.org/W2068882115","https://openalex.org/W2075635421","https://openalex.org/W2077218694","https://openalex.org/W2091273188","https://openalex.org/W2091898001","https://openalex.org/W2098700435","https://openalex.org/W2098876286","https://openalex.org/W2099008367","https://openalex.org/W2099942883","https://openalex.org/W2099964107","https://openalex.org/W2102765684","https://openalex.org/W2104217798","https://openalex.org/W2109189215","https://openalex.org/W2112187636","https://openalex.org/W2114361266","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2118655449","https://openalex.org/W2123512824","https://openalex.org/W2124658502","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2126539437","https://openalex.org/W2131571251","https://openalex.org/W2132339004","https://openalex.org/W2133462743","https://openalex.org/W2138780451","https://openalex.org/W2141099517","https://openalex.org/W2141335422","https://openalex.org/W2141599568","https://openalex.org/W2141880913","https://openalex.org/W2142384583","https://openalex.org/W2144499799","https://openalex.org/W2144578941","https://openalex.org/W2145959310","https://openalex.org/W2146870760","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2150722176","https://openalex.org/W2151296343","https://openalex.org/W2151698208","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2154174659","https://openalex.org/W2154391726","https://openalex.org/W2156488976","https://openalex.org/W2156515921","https://openalex.org/W2157799718","https://openalex.org/W2158139315","https://openalex.org/W2160576670","https://openalex.org/W2163375626","https://openalex.org/W2163918411","https://openalex.org/W2164587673","https://openalex.org/W2172256479","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2224489844","https://openalex.org/W2423725643","https://openalex.org/W2437096199","https://openalex.org/W2785349534","https://openalex.org/W2952230511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098700435","https://openalex.org/W1551179054","https://openalex.org/W2300295509","https://openalex.org/W7099149743","https://openalex.org/W2189029483","https://openalex.org/W7098391086","https://openalex.org/W2250284940","https://openalex.org/W2177726182","https://openalex.org/W2594160348","https://openalex.org/W2374664259"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"term-frequency":[1],"inverse-document(tf-idf)":[2],"paradigm":[3],"which":[4,225],"is":[5,26,122,275],"often":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,18,38,47,71,81,170,196],"general":[9],"search":[10,35,42,59,66,116,135,171],"engines":[11,60],"for":[12,57,113,223,236,240,271,277],"ranking":[13],"the":[14,29,34,39,192],"relevance":[15,164],"of":[16,31,33,142,221],"documents":[17],"a":[19,22,62,108],"corpus":[20],"to":[21,77,110,123,128,131,138,153,162,165,246,265],"given":[23],"user":[24,155],"query,":[25],"based":[27,227],"on":[28,212,228],"frequency":[30],"occurrence":[32],"key":[36],"terms":[37,43,67,136],"corpus.":[40],"These":[41],"are":[44,68,151],"mostly":[45],"expressed":[46,70],"natural":[48,52,82,92],"language":[49,53,83,93],"thus":[50],"requiring":[51],"processing":[54,94],"methods.":[55],"But":[56],"domain-speciffic":[58,115],"like":[61],"software":[63],"download":[64],"portal,":[65],"usually":[69],"forms":[72],"that":[73,267],"does":[74],"not":[75],"conform":[76],"grammatical":[78],"rules":[79],"present":[80,169],"and":[84,133,157,187,238,256],"as":[85,107],"such,":[86],"they":[87,145],"cannot":[88],"be":[89],"tackled":[90],"using":[91,102,200],"techniques.":[95],"This":[96],"thesis":[97],"proposes":[98],"named":[99,139,167,272],"entity":[100,140,273],"recognition":[101,274],"supervised":[103,193],"machine":[104,125,177,268],"learning":[105,126,178,194,269],"methods":[106,270],"means":[109],"understanding":[111,278],"queries":[112],"such":[114],"engines.":[117],"Particularly,":[118],"our":[119,260],"main":[120],"objective":[121],"apply":[124],"techniques":[127],"automatically":[129],"learn":[130],"recognize":[132],"classify":[134],"according":[137,161],"class":[141],"predefined":[143],"categories":[144],"belong.":[146],"By":[147],"so":[148],"doing,":[149],"we":[150,207,253,262],"able":[152,264],"understand":[154],"intents":[156],"rank":[158],"result":[159],"sets":[160],"their":[163,210],"detected":[166],"entities":[168],"query.":[172],"Our":[173,216],"approach":[174,195],"involved":[175],"three":[176],"algorithms;":[179],"Hidden":[180],"Markov":[181],"Models":[182],"(HMM),":[183],"Conditional":[184],"Random":[185],"Field(CRF)":[186],"Neural":[188],"Network(NN).":[189],"We":[190],"followed":[191],"training":[197,202],"these":[198],"algorithms":[199],"labeled":[201],"data":[203],"from":[204],"sample":[205],"queries,":[206],"then":[208],"evaluated":[209],"performance":[211],"new":[213],"unseen":[214],"queries.":[215],"empirical":[217],"results":[218],"showed":[219],"precisions":[220],"93%":[222],"NN":[224],"was":[226],"distributed":[229],"representations":[230],"proposed":[231],"by":[232],"Yoshua":[233],"Bengio,":[234],"85.60%":[235],"CRF":[237,242],"82.84%":[239],"HMM.":[241],"'s":[243],"precision":[244],"improved":[245],"about":[247],"2%":[248],",":[249],"achieving":[250],"87.40%":[251],"after":[252],"generated":[254],"gazetteer-based":[255],"morphological":[257],"features.":[258],"From":[259],"results,":[261],"were":[263],"prove":[266],"useful":[276],"query":[279],"intents.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}