{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108647753","doi":null,"title":"Looking for a Middle Class Bias: Salary and Co-Operation in Social Surveys","display_name":"Looking for a Middle Class Bias: Salary and Co-Operation in Social Surveys","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108647753","mag":"2108647753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ese:iserwp:2010-03","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/files/working-papers/iser/2010-03.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/files/working-papers/iser/2010-03.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/65957","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115948404","display_name":"Mari Toomse-Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9130-4056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9130-4056"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mari Toomse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115948404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13030","display_name":"Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13546","display_name":"Census and Population Estimation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-class-bias","display_name":"middle-class bias","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survey-cooperation","display_name":"survey cooperation","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survey-nonresponse","display_name":"survey nonresponse","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite-resistance","display_name":"elite resistance","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-surveys","display_name":"social surveys","score":0.44600000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.9283746480941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.819044291973114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779233565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241588","display_name":"Middle class","level":2,"score":0.6871658563613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5892409086227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45904937386512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.41995736956596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.41638386249542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983427547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93200","display_name":"Gender bias","level":2,"score":0.41602373123168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3827532231807709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3595167398452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3046185374259949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1911810338497162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11624255776405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10188549757003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ese:iserwp:2010-03","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/files/working-papers/iser/2010-03.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/files/working-papers/iser/2010-03.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/65957","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/65957","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/65957","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"mag:2108647753","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iser.essex.ac.uk/publications/working-papers/iser/2010-03.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/65957","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/65957","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/65957","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5892999768257141,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2108647753.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2108647753.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483291818","https://openalex.org/W1486421039","https://openalex.org/W1487730516","https://openalex.org/W1543769713","https://openalex.org/W1580147144","https://openalex.org/W1970231467","https://openalex.org/W1983154039","https://openalex.org/W1983604279","https://openalex.org/W1986056512","https://openalex.org/W1989473809","https://openalex.org/W1990513865","https://openalex.org/W1995374670","https://openalex.org/W2008073538","https://openalex.org/W2011290087","https://openalex.org/W2016298015","https://openalex.org/W2025115929","https://openalex.org/W2031340404","https://openalex.org/W2037345430","https://openalex.org/W2051811414","https://openalex.org/W2062841522","https://openalex.org/W2063919840","https://openalex.org/W2070938058","https://openalex.org/W2072727561","https://openalex.org/W2085123588","https://openalex.org/W2092436166","https://openalex.org/W2121891701","https://openalex.org/W2124242630","https://openalex.org/W2125088080","https://openalex.org/W2132606439","https://openalex.org/W2138534101","https://openalex.org/W2138706729","https://openalex.org/W2149686826","https://openalex.org/W2155591630","https://openalex.org/W2159180725","https://openalex.org/W2339941005","https://openalex.org/W2595852514","https://openalex.org/W3122528966","https://openalex.org/W3122616236","https://openalex.org/W3122922095","https://openalex.org/W3125393536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098274506","https://openalex.org/W7100158572","https://openalex.org/W7161135353","https://openalex.org/W3125674786","https://openalex.org/W6906270474","https://openalex.org/W7061701411","https://openalex.org/W7039722442","https://openalex.org/W4295955065","https://openalex.org/W2081011595","https://openalex.org/W2032405016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"aim":[1],"of":[2,10,32,45,48,83,96],"this":[3,19,70],"paper":[4],"is":[5,73],"to":[6,63,75],"test":[7],"the":[8,46],"existence":[9],"middle":[11,33],"class":[12,34],"bias":[13,42],"in":[14,43],"survey":[15],"cooperation.":[16],"We":[17,53,67,86],"do":[18],"by":[20,94],"carrying":[21],"out":[22],"a":[23,39],"record":[24],"check":[25],"study.":[26],"Our":[27],"analysis":[28],"uncovers":[29],"no":[30],"evidence":[31],"bias.":[35],"Instead":[36],"we":[37],"find":[38,55],"negative":[40],"gross":[41],"estimates":[44],"proportion":[47],"persons":[49],"with":[50],"highest":[51],"salaries.":[52],"also":[54],"that":[56,69,88],"high":[57],"salary":[58],"earners":[59],"are":[60],"more":[61,80],"likely":[62],"be":[64,92],"hard":[65],"refusers.":[66],"argue":[68],"'elite":[71],"resistance'":[72],"due":[74],"specific":[76],"attitudes":[77,90],"rather":[78],"than":[79],"transient":[81],"features":[82],"an":[84],"interaction.":[85],"suggest":[87],"these":[89],"could":[91],"overcome":[93],"tailoring":[95],"advance":[97],"communication.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
