{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108629981","doi":null,"title":"Philosophy of psychopharmacology : a naturalist approach","display_name":"Philosophy of psychopharmacology : a naturalist approach","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108629981","mag":"2108629981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/21761","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073216705","display_name":"Dan Joseph Stein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-8867","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3568","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-1780","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7022-1106"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan J. Stein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073216705"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12308","display_name":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12308","display_name":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14511","display_name":"Medicine, History, and Philosophy","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychopharmacology","display_name":"clinical psychopharmacology","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-medication","display_name":"psychiatric medication","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalism","display_name":"naturalism","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essentialism","display_name":"essentialism","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotropic-drugs","display_name":"psychotropic drugs","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotions","display_name":"emotions","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self","display_name":"self","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placebo-effect","display_name":"placebo effect","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotherapy","display_name":"psychotherapy","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functionalism","display_name":"functionalism","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-construction-of-categories","display_name":"social construction of categories","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhancement","display_name":"enhancement","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"conceptual framework","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103709681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515727","display_name":"Psychopharmacology","level":2,"score":0.7898792624473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43236755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56000","display_name":"Naturalism","level":2,"score":0.7231420278549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.3924548327922821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.38254931569099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.37309345602989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3725355267524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3667888641357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3028407096862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.22762036323547363}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/21761","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2108629981","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.sun.ac.za:443/bitstream/10019.1/21761/1/stein_philosophy_2008.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":673,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7580670","https://openalex.org/W23546682","https://openalex.org/W50975988","https://openalex.org/W62922542","https://openalex.org/W65160238","https://openalex.org/W120557869","https://openalex.org/W125734760","https://openalex.org/W126495357","https://openalex.org/W136281119","https://openalex.org/W140930927","https://openalex.org/W141968694","https://openalex.org/W169910887","https://openalex.org/W181665514","https://openalex.org/W190002334","https://openalex.org/W196869739","https://openalex.org/W200020848","https://openalex.org/W200738894","https://openalex.org/W206076899","https://openalex.org/W226699513","https://openalex.org/W236971958","https://openalex.org/W298804147","https://openalex.org/W315699113","https://openalex.org/W332805541","https://openalex.org/W356539818","https://openalex.org/W378524810","https://openalex.org/W384560029","https://openalex.org/W390331907","https://openalex.org/W421887767","https://openalex.org/W560229653","https://openalex.org/W562130423","https://openalex.org/W562401201","https://openalex.org/W565242635","https://openalex.org/W565770373","https://openalex.org/W566217841","https://openalex.org/W568856441","https://openalex.org/W575460367","https://openalex.org/W581270139","https://openalex.org/W584189514","https://openalex.org/W591040155","https://openalex.org/W592971365","https://openalex.org/W595854224","https://openalex.org/W595928551","https://openalex.org/W596720096","https://openalex.org/W597114179","https://openalex.org/W601352677","https://openalex.org/W601936712","https://openalex.org/W602341654","https://openalex.org/W604435091","https://openalex.org/W608094130","https://openalex.org/W610733200","https://openalex.org/W610760993","https://openalex.org/W611566262","https://openalex.org/W614157120","https://openalex.org/W614684169","https://openalex.org/W616209630","https://openalex.org/W617731352","https://openalex.org/W618495272","https://openalex.org/W620218327","https://openalex.org/W620999578","https://openalex.org/W622417175","https://openalex.org/W623472380","https://openalex.org/W624046796","https://openalex.org/W624636318","https://openalex.org/W625072493","https://openalex.org/W626417039","https://openalex.org/W627575427","https://openalex.org/W628080570","https://openalex.org/W629047508","https://openalex.org/W629408232","https://openalex.org/W632352333","https://openalex.org/W632543982","https://openalex.org/W632970994","https://openalex.org/W638196641","https://openalex.org/W640889593","https://openalex.org/W641354324","https://openalex.org/W645362553","https://openalex.org/W645416904","https://openalex.org/W646313032","https://openalex.org/W646684176","https://openalex.org/W647183824","https://openalex.org/W647625103","https://openalex.org/W650495864","https://openalex.org/W650510179","https://openalex.org/W650854447","https://openalex.org/W653744296","https://openalex.org/W655336682","https://openalex.org/W657060702","https://openalex.org/W657540616","https://openalex.org/W976483960","https://openalex.org/W1124951907","https://openalex.org/W1242476352","https://openalex.org/W1267198372","https://openalex.org/W1482972645","https://openalex.org/W1483416975","https://openalex.org/W1484465616","https://openalex.org/W1484604069","https://openalex.org/W1490781083","https://openalex.org/W1491063609","https://openalex.org/W1493280977","https://openalex.org/W1500300749","https://openalex.org/W1500369839","https://openalex.org/W1502290627","https://openalex.org/W1503042342","https://openalex.org/W1503900651","https://openalex.org/W1506514354","https://openalex.org/W1506947145","https://openalex.org/W1509091558","https://openalex.org/W1509395429","https://openalex.org/W1509643880","https://openalex.org/W1510623195","https://openalex.org/W1511334778","https://openalex.org/W1511384809","https://openalex.org/W1511868638","https://openalex.org/W1512154442","https://openalex.org/W1513255702","https://openalex.org/W1513773449","https://openalex.org/W1515466786","https://openalex.org/W1516748551","https://openalex.org/W1516876719","https://openalex.org/W1517471865","https://openalex.org/W1518333775","https://openalex.org/W1518790150","https://openalex.org/W1519176703","https://openalex.org/W1519246606","https://openalex.org/W1520913429","https://openalex.org/W1522065906","https://openalex.org/W1522563101","https://openalex.org/W1524967216","https://openalex.org/W1525150964","https://openalex.org/W1525405643","https://openalex.org/W1526370815","https://openalex.org/W1527935828","https://openalex.org/W1529926076","https://openalex.org/W1530551331","https://openalex.org/W1533636697","https://openalex.org/W1533682025","https://openalex.org/W1533696952","https://openalex.org/W1533795842","https://openalex.org/W1534588839","https://openalex.org/W1534668202","https://openalex.org/W1535165638","https://openalex.org/W1535440274","https://openalex.org/W1535525649","https://openalex.org/W1535536445","https://openalex.org/W1535683191","https://openalex.org/W1536956916","https://openalex.org/W1537377121","https://openalex.org/W1537446945","https://openalex.org/W1539634214","https://openalex.org/W1540150560","https://openalex.org/W1543271623","https://openalex.org/W1543558911","https://openalex.org/W1545361542","https://openalex.org/W1545795605","https://openalex.org/W1547586212","https://openalex.org/W1548953382","https://openalex.org/W1549587997","https://openalex.org/W1549719552","https://openalex.org/W1552364836","https://openalex.org/W1556721538","https://openalex.org/W1556837482","https://openalex.org/W1556883098","https://openalex.org/W1557295348","https://openalex.org/W1557463023","https://openalex.org/W1557662923","https://openalex.org/W1559529282","https://openalex.org/W1560551857","https://openalex.org/W1566114072","https://openalex.org/W1568238390","https://openalex.org/W1568449311","https://openalex.org/W1569071533","https://openalex.org/W1569441194","https://openalex.org/W1570047706","https://openalex.org/W1570754220","https://openalex.org/W1571843984","https://openalex.org/W1573999242","https://openalex.org/W1574065957","https://openalex.org/W1574664604","https://openalex.org/W1575326281","https://openalex.org/W1575338341","https://openalex.org/W1575785477","https://openalex.org/W1577244769","https://openalex.org/W1578317537","https://openalex.org/W1580293433","https://openalex.org/W1580456949","https://openalex.org/W1580568969","https://openalex.org/W1582068670","https://openalex.org/W1582485184","https://openalex.org/W1587654115","https://openalex.org/W1588190585","https://openalex.org/W1588623593","https://openalex.org/W1589600652","https://openalex.org/W1590917315","https://openalex.org/W1591422284","https://openalex.org/W1593065131","https://openalex.org/W1594213673","https://openalex.org/W1594233936","https://openalex.org/W1594291205","https://openalex.org/W1594630369","https://openalex.org/W1595438251","https://openalex.org/W1598908887","https://openalex.org/W1599313868","https://openalex.org/W1600037014","https://openalex.org/W1601558686","https://openalex.org/W1603016604","https://openalex.org/W1603496803","https://openalex.org/W1604879017","https://openalex.org/W1605100737","https://openalex.org/W1607316980","https://openalex.org/W1607328275","https://openalex.org/W1607662572","https://openalex.org/W1607723723","https://openalex.org/W1608306387","https://openalex.org/W1608345419","https://openalex.org/W1628671034","https://openalex.org/W1631240008","https://openalex.org/W1639235375","https://openalex.org/W1652505363","https://openalex.org/W1654137364","https://openalex.org/W1659037026","https://openalex.org/W1667170410","https://openalex.org/W1681318493","https://openalex.org/W1684415682","https://openalex.org/W1686011839","https://openalex.org/W1696156061","https://openalex.org/W1705714200","https://openalex.org/W1705916128","https://openalex.org/W1718946028","https://openalex.org/W1720881856","https://openalex.org/W1724658472","https://openalex.org/W1732419265","https://openalex.org/W1745035553","https://openalex.org/W1748703215","https://openalex.org/W1775889815","https://openalex.org/W1777031021","https://openalex.org/W1790202905","https://openalex.org/W1815090327","https://openalex.org/W1820224529","https://openalex.org/W1825555684","https://openalex.org/W1830221852","https://openalex.org/W1848330240","https://openalex.org/W1849553904","https://openalex.org/W1861568580","https://openalex.org/W1872053182","https://openalex.org/W1916693751","https://openalex.org/W1924202417","https://openalex.org/W1932722746","https://openalex.org/W1952226346","https://openalex.org/W1958593734","https://openalex.org/W1961827137","https://openalex.org/W1963949534","https://openalex.org/W1964991942","https://openalex.org/W1965063688","https://openalex.org/W1965827703","https://openalex.org/W1965944451","https://openalex.org/W1966336792","https://openalex.org/W1967161129","https://openalex.org/W1967230954","https://openalex.org/W1968050641","https://openalex.org/W1968060331","https://openalex.org/W1968648566","https://openalex.org/W1968940530","https://openalex.org/W1969213217","https://openalex.org/W1969317601","https://openalex.org/W1971291547","https://openalex.org/W1971390079","https://openalex.org/W1971684642","https://openalex.org/W1971693432","https://openalex.org/W1974120653","https://openalex.org/W1974550946","https://openalex.org/W1974584979","https://openalex.org/W1974609519","https://openalex.org/W1974689608","https://openalex.org/W1974905310","https://openalex.org/W1975009734","https://openalex.org/W1975346230","https://openalex.org/W1975918057","https://openalex.org/W1976295301","https://openalex.org/W1976587059","https://openalex.org/W1977560905","https://openalex.org/W1977620471","https://openalex.org/W1977649528","https://openalex.org/W1978316801","https://openalex.org/W1979190970","https://openalex.org/W1980491396","https://openalex.org/W1980515566","https://openalex.org/W1981708116","https://openalex.org/W1981838282","https://openalex.org/W1982241829","https://openalex.org/W1982249596","https://openalex.org/W1982954510","https://openalex.org/W1983215602","https://openalex.org/W1984049001","https://openalex.org/W1984517957","https://openalex.org/W1984519833","https://openalex.org/W1984555571","https://openalex.org/W1985738119","https://openalex.org/W1987789700","https://openalex.org/W1989573620","https://openalex.org/W1989745301","https://openalex.org/W1990773926","https://openalex.org/W1991827610","https://openalex.org/W1992329812","https://openalex.org/W1992645037","https://openalex.org/W1995687925","https://openalex.org/W1995927386","https://openalex.org/W1996270497","https://openalex.org/W1996546881","https://openalex.org/W1997547090","https://openalex.org/W1998455072","https://openalex.org/W1999543972","https://openalex.org/W2000409926","https://openalex.org/W2000465687","https://openalex.org/W2001121091","https://openalex.org/W2001292537","https://openalex.org/W2001976112","https://openalex.org/W2003874974","https://openalex.org/W2004649515","https://openalex.org/W2004832712","https://openalex.org/W2004840713","https://openalex.org/W2006504245","https://openalex.org/W2006583024","https://openalex.org/W2006767491","https://openalex.org/W2007286247","https://openalex.org/W2008893815","https://openalex.org/W2009794136","https://openalex.org/W2010965578","https://openalex.org/W2011061925","https://openalex.org/W2011772745","https://openalex.org/W2011885154","https://openalex.org/W2012622973","https://openalex.org/W2012995807","https://openalex.org/W2013235715","https://openalex.org/W2013274317","https://openalex.org/W2013524248","https://openalex.org/W2013911206","https://openalex.org/W2014262032","https://openalex.org/W2014450263","https://openalex.org/W2015137582","https://openalex.org/W2015692131","https://openalex.org/W2015729948","https://openalex.org/W2015802871","https://openalex.org/W2015925257","https://openalex.org/W2016028423","https://openalex.org/W2017043944","https://openalex.org/W2017533346","https://openalex.org/W2018259468","https://openalex.org/W2018528947","https://openalex.org/W2019468508","https://openalex.org/W2019943307","https://openalex.org/W2020585287","https://openalex.org/W2021182031","https://openalex.org/W2021333403","https://openalex.org/W2022471114","https://openalex.org/W2023679200","https://openalex.org/W2023722569","https://openalex.org/W2024405378","https://openalex.org/W2024627821","https://openalex.org/W2024954180","https://openalex.org/W2025817541","https://openalex.org/W2026396276","https://openalex.org/W2026692445","https://openalex.org/W2027397933","https://openalex.org/W2027564865","https://openalex.org/W2028015998","https://openalex.org/W2028282853","https://openalex.org/W2028405381","https://openalex.org/W2028577457","https://openalex.org/W2028780962","https://openalex.org/W2029338703","https://openalex.org/W2029727066","https://openalex.org/W2033782002","https://openalex.org/W2034508937","https://openalex.org/W2034695800","https://openalex.org/W2034894064","https://openalex.org/W2035921609","https://openalex.org/W2036442389","https://openalex.org/W2036713380","https://openalex.org/W2036916152","https://openalex.org/W2037976233","https://openalex.org/W2038200352","https://openalex.org/W2038813824","https://openalex.org/W2038883676","https://openalex.org/W2039248077","https://openalex.org/W2039529683","https://openalex.org/W2041993595","https://openalex.org/W2042261130","https://openalex.org/W2044772296","https://openalex.org/W2045380785","https://openalex.org/W2045403074","https://openalex.org/W2047196367","https://openalex.org/W2047420914","https://openalex.org/W2047472201","https://openalex.org/W2048226420","https://openalex.org/W2048417787","https://openalex.org/W2048701323","https://openalex.org/W2049068683","https://openalex.org/W2049179019","https://openalex.org/W2049906007","https://openalex.org/W2051428710","https://openalex.org/W2051532009","https://openalex.org/W2052707409","https://openalex.org/W2053062592","https://openalex.org/W2053309391","https://openalex.org/W2053762583","https://openalex.org/W2053818208","https://openalex.org/W2053840249","https://openalex.org/W2053841739","https://openalex.org/W2053949014","https://openalex.org/W2054844510","https://openalex.org/W2055133123","https://openalex.org/W2056040057","https://openalex.org/W2056613695","https://openalex.org/W2056980716","https://openalex.org/W2056995368","https://openalex.org/W2058070743","https://openalex.org/W2058696518","https://openalex.org/W2058984348","https://openalex.org/W2060794266","https://openalex.org/W2061592058","https://openalex.org/W2061954678","https://openalex.org/W2063431650","https://openalex.org/W2063875422","https://openalex.org/W2065063826","https://openalex.org/W2066575487","https://openalex.org/W2066651848","https://openalex.org/W2067674955","https://openalex.org/W2068325535","https://openalex.org/W2068769676","https://openalex.org/W2068785811","https://openalex.org/W2069579918","https://openalex.org/W2070528771","https://openalex.org/W2070815252","https://openalex.org/W2070827984","https://openalex.org/W2071623382","https://openalex.org/W2072729977","https://openalex.org/W2073014195","https://openalex.org/W2073616002","https://openalex.org/W2073658697","https://openalex.org/W2075092464","https://openalex.org/W2075273444","https://openalex.org/W2075725716","https://openalex.org/W2075798479","https://openalex.org/W2075823435","https://openalex.org/W2075972185","https://openalex.org/W2076614289","https://openalex.org/W2077182885","https://openalex.org/W2077615226","https://openalex.org/W2079515538","https://openalex.org/W2079884154","https://openalex.org/W2080136021","https://openalex.org/W2080593835","https://openalex.org/W2081281959","https://openalex.org/W2082178902","https://openalex.org/W2083160814","https://openalex.org/W2086153856","https://openalex.org/W2086826273","https://openalex.org/W2088583380","https://openalex.org/W2088732857","https://openalex.org/W2090353544","https://openalex.org/W2090804694","https://openalex.org/W2091043955","https://openalex.org/W2091958103","https://openalex.org/W2092531537","https://openalex.org/W2093452143","https://openalex.org/W2093484810","https://openalex.org/W2094886882","https://openalex.org/W2095735610","https://openalex.org/W2096192344","https://openalex.org/W2096945010","https://openalex.org/W2097717549","https://openalex.org/W2097857672","https://openalex.org/W2098938243","https://openalex.org/W2098948370","https://openalex.org/W2099003808","https://openalex.org/W2099901781","https://openalex.org/W2101264173","https://openalex.org/W2101285105","https://openalex.org/W2102184062","https://openalex.org/W2102298490","https://openalex.org/W2102467930","https://openalex.org/W2102945862","https://openalex.org/W2103427161","https://openalex.org/W2103633624","https://openalex.org/W2106591468","https://openalex.org/W2106931084","https://openalex.org/W2106952837","https://openalex.org/W2107984515","https://openalex.org/W2108480174","https://openalex.org/W2109635956","https://openalex.org/W2109995759","https://openalex.org/W2111862372","https://openalex.org/W2114988618","https://openalex.org/W2116555234","https://openalex.org/W2117166804","https://openalex.org/W2117216280","https://openalex.org/W2117651686","https://openalex.org/W2119659537","https://openalex.org/W2119858020","https://openalex.org/W2120309332","https://openalex.org/W2120363392","https://openalex.org/W2121441663","https://openalex.org/W2121629542","https://openalex.org/W2122884932","https://openalex.org/W2123430089","https://openalex.org/W2123636362","https://openalex.org/W2123742276","https://openalex.org/W2124193384","https://openalex.org/W2124593411","https://openalex.org/W2124794761","https://openalex.org/W2125006286","https://openalex.org/W2127118940","https://openalex.org/W2127207968","https://openalex.org/W2128165733","https://openalex.org/W2128434973","https://openalex.org/W2129582856","https://openalex.org/W2129900561","https://openalex.org/W2130289502","https://openalex.org/W2130343736","https://openalex.org/W2131165966","https://openalex.org/W2131999674","https://openalex.org/W2132181676","https://openalex.org/W2132793645","https://openalex.org/W2133139034","https://openalex.org/W2133347770","https://openalex.org/W2133451385","https://openalex.org/W2133476432","https://openalex.org/W2135137329","https://openalex.org/W2135842063","https://openalex.org/W2135917232","https://openalex.org/W2136115410","https://openalex.org/W2138601965","https://openalex.org/W2139571317","https://openalex.org/W2140166193","https://openalex.org/W2140665054","https://openalex.org/W2141448824","https://openalex.org/W2142541611","https://openalex.org/W2142685588","https://openalex.org/W2142817323","https://openalex.org/W2144288181","https://openalex.org/W2144873051","https://openalex.org/W2145481513","https://openalex.org/W2145947505","https://openalex.org/W2147680803","https://openalex.org/W2148634436","https://openalex.org/W2150667615","https://openalex.org/W2151186028","https://openalex.org/W2151621121","https://openalex.org/W2152928279","https://openalex.org/W2153488633","https://openalex.org/W2153631628","https://openalex.org/W2153762366","https://openalex.org/W2154158137","https://openalex.org/W2154870128","https://openalex.org/W2155253059","https://openalex.org/W2156743186","https://openalex.org/W2156984202","https://openalex.org/W2157583800","https://openalex.org/W2157783741","https://openalex.org/W2157904933","https://openalex.org/W2158362808","https://openalex.org/W2158810025","https://openalex.org/W2159866583","https://openalex.org/W2162813690","https://openalex.org/W2163565119","https://openalex.org/W2164365321","https://openalex.org/W2165830453","https://openalex.org/W2166005036","https://openalex.org/W2169316270","https://openalex.org/W2170438700","https://openalex.org/W2170485939","https://openalex.org/W2264707653","https://openalex.org/W2271493554","https://openalex.org/W2281222517","https://openalex.org/W2284771290","https://openalex.org/W2295479179","https://openalex.org/W2297504455","https://openalex.org/W2312541371","https://openalex.org/W2312725896","https://openalex.org/W2313386158","https://openalex.org/W2315404267","https://openalex.org/W2318735428","https://openalex.org/W2321404129","https://openalex.org/W2322993906","https://openalex.org/W2322999553","https://openalex.org/W2323164977","https://openalex.org/W2324635996","https://openalex.org/W2328825390","https://openalex.org/W2328934541","https://openalex.org/W2329169497","https://openalex.org/W2329218796","https://openalex.org/W2329232216","https://openalex.org/W2329937548","https://openalex.org/W2330067397","https://openalex.org/W2330540387","https://openalex.org/W2330669050","https://openalex.org/W2331364533","https://openalex.org/W2331622228","https://openalex.org/W2336633996","https://openalex.org/W2337325712","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W2339682620","https://openalex.org/W2342194847","https://openalex.org/W2347075974","https://openalex.org/W2404602153","https://openalex.org/W2406053861","https://openalex.org/W2406589218","https://openalex.org/W2410091574","https://openalex.org/W2410309311","https://openalex.org/W2411884085","https://openalex.org/W2414248611","https://openalex.org/W2415767579","https://openalex.org/W2419494262","https://openalex.org/W2472164084","https://openalex.org/W2481591780","https://openalex.org/W2483403496","https://openalex.org/W2485775542","https://openalex.org/W2488577365","https://openalex.org/W2498297308","https://openalex.org/W2499400051","https://openalex.org/W2503034829","https://openalex.org/W2504282534","https://openalex.org/W2601476465","https://openalex.org/W2728967637","https://openalex.org/W2751379301","https://openalex.org/W2753533763","https://openalex.org/W2795677443","https://openalex.org/W2797691898","https://openalex.org/W2798490255","https://openalex.org/W2799067453","https://openalex.org/W2799148657","https://openalex.org/W2799214356","https://openalex.org/W2942692474","https://openalex.org/W2942750288","https://openalex.org/W2954094737","https://openalex.org/W2978511659","https://openalex.org/W2992213648","https://openalex.org/W3005392048","https://openalex.org/W3022902884","https://openalex.org/W3035258717","https://openalex.org/W3044952328","https://openalex.org/W3117474441","https://openalex.org/W3128898014","https://openalex.org/W3129110967","https://openalex.org/W3133409236","https://openalex.org/W3137861108","https://openalex.org/W3158683096","https://openalex.org/W3159332253","https://openalex.org/W3169327146","https://openalex.org/W3173899014","https://openalex.org/W3177146087","https://openalex.org/W3187364300","https://openalex.org/W4205799649","https://openalex.org/W4213353161","https://openalex.org/W4230629329","https://openalex.org/W4231982473","https://openalex.org/W4232080878","https://openalex.org/W4234346535","https://openalex.org/W4240961251","https://openalex.org/W4241301925","https://openalex.org/W4241670772","https://openalex.org/W4243252020","https://openalex.org/W4244041545","https://openalex.org/W4249144909","https://openalex.org/W4249276026","https://openalex.org/W4252832680","https://openalex.org/W4254976067","https://openalex.org/W4293713490","https://openalex.org/W4313151342","https://openalex.org/W4385279695","https://openalex.org/W4388091429","https://openalex.org/W4388260038","https://openalex.org/W4388316278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494303251","https://openalex.org/W2500568646","https://openalex.org/W1972087330","https://openalex.org/W2138652154","https://openalex.org/W2503554207","https://openalex.org/W2404949945","https://openalex.org/W2187009330","https://openalex.org/W6981585068","https://openalex.org/W7014439037","https://openalex.org/W1515537000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ENGLISH":[0],"ABSTRACT:":[1],"The":[2,61,205,374],"use":[3],"of":[4,11,23,43,73,78,92,124,155,168,186,215,217,220,265,296,299,351,380,406,412,420,436,469,476,499,504],"psychiatric":[5,15,353,460],"medication":[6],"is":[7,170,199,203,234,253,302,330],"an":[8,87,143,231,258,319,396,463],"important":[9,164],"part":[10],"modern":[12],"medical":[13],"and":[14,29,46,56,81,89,104,128,134,172,191,193,219,248,272,285,293,315,366,389,452,486,492,494,502,511],"practice.":[16],"Clinical":[17],"psychopharmacology":[18,58,437],"raises":[19],"a":[20,37,49,71,95,226,237,305,418,434,474,496],"broad":[21,68],"range":[22,72,419],"philosophical":[24],"issues,":[25],"including":[26,313,473],"metaphysical,":[27],"epistemological,":[28],"moral":[30],"questions.":[31],"This":[32],"dissertation":[33,62,151,174,206,431],"attempts":[34,230],"to":[35,141,256,282,288,309,335,372,414,424],"provide":[36],"conceptual":[38,50,148,210],"framework":[39],"for":[40,47,52,166,290],"addressing":[41],"several":[42,209],"these":[44,243],"questions,":[45,211],"formulating":[48],"basis":[51],"psychiatry":[53,441],"in":[54,59,75,114,131,135,146,269,273],"general":[55],"clinical":[57],"particular.":[60],"begins":[63],"by":[64,340,417],"heuristically":[65],"contrasting":[66],"two":[67],"approaches":[69],"towards":[70],"questions":[74,277,347],"the":[76,132,150,160,173,213,221,263,270,294,349,378,404,410,450,456,466,470,484,487,500],"philosophy":[77,167,435],"science,":[79],"language,":[80],"medicine.":[82],"A":[83,106],"classical":[84,227],"position":[85,97,110,145,228,239,260],"takes":[86],"essentialist":[88,232],"objective":[90,485],"view":[91,154,498],"categories":[93,100,117,156],"while":[94],"critical":[96,238],"emphasizes":[98,241,262,322],"that":[99,176,242,304,440,506],"are":[101,118,129,189,245,279],"often":[102,119],"metaphoric":[103,122],"subjective.":[105,250],"synthetic":[107],"or":[108],"integrated":[109,144],"might":[111],"be":[112,356,362,370,393,425,444],"possible,":[113],"which":[115,229,240,261,321,438],"radial":[116],"based":[120,448],"on":[121,395,449],"extensions":[123],"basic-level":[125],"sensorimotor-affective":[126],"experience,":[127],"embodied":[130],"brain-mind":[133,267,271,328],"social":[136,274],"practices.":[137,275],"Rather":[138],"than":[139],"attempt":[140],"defend":[142],"purely":[147],"terms,":[149],"supports":[152],"this":[153,336,430],"using":[157],"data":[158,252],"from":[159,344],"cognitive-affective":[161,375],"sciences.":[162,454],"An":[163],"category":[165],"medicine":[169],"disorder,":[171],"argues":[175,439],"certain":[177],"universal":[178],"considerations":[179,402],"explain":[180,283,310],"agreement":[181],"about":[182,196,403],"prototypical":[183],"disorders.":[184,382],"Extensions":[185],"disorder":[187,343],"metaphors":[188],"theory-driven":[190],"valueladen,":[192],"although":[194],"disagreement":[195],"atypical":[197,385],"conditions":[198],"likely,":[200],"reasonable":[201],"debate":[202],"possible.":[204],"then":[207,254],"considers":[208],"namely":[212],"nature":[214],"psychotropics,":[216,365],"emotion,":[218],"self.":[222],"In":[223,383,428],"each":[224],"case,":[225],"definition":[233],"contrasted":[235],"with":[236,364,465],"constructs":[244],"socially":[246],"constructed":[247],"crucially":[249],"Cognitiveaffective":[251],"employed":[255],"support":[257,377],"integrative":[259],"embodiment":[264],"complex":[266,327,467],"phenomena":[268,329],"Explanatory":[276],"considered":[278,394],"how":[280,287,323],"best":[281],"pharmacotherapy":[284,314],"psychotherapy,":[286,388],"account":[289,307,320],"placebo":[291,316],"responses,":[292],"relevance":[295],"evolutionary":[297],"explanations":[298,333],"disorder.":[300],"It":[301],"argued":[303],"functionalist":[306],"fails":[308],"psychopharmacological":[311,480],"phenomena,":[312],"effects.":[317],"Instead,":[318],"psychobiological":[324],"mechanisms":[325],"produce":[326],"needed.":[331],"Evolutionary":[332],"add":[334],"account,":[337],"but":[338],"cannot":[339],"themselves":[341],"differentiate":[342],"non-disorder.":[345],"Ethical":[346],"include":[348],"question":[350],"whether":[352,358,367],"disorders":[354,360],"should":[355,361,369,392],"treated,":[357],"such":[359],"treated":[363],"psychotropics":[368,505],"used":[371],"enhance.":[373],"sciences":[376],"treatment":[379],"typical":[381],"more":[384],"cases,":[386],"pharmacotherapy,":[387],"non-medical":[390],"interventions":[391],"individual":[397],"basis.":[398],"As":[399],"technologies":[400],"expand,":[401],"value":[405,411],"accepting":[407],"fate":[408],"versus":[409],"attempting":[413],"improve":[415],"life":[416],"methods,":[421],"will":[422],"need":[423],"weighed":[426],"carefully.":[427],"summary,":[429],"puts":[432],"forward":[433],"practice":[442,461,481],"can":[443],"viewed,":[445],"naturalistically,":[446],"as":[447],"natural":[451],"human":[453,471],"At":[455],"same":[457],"time,":[458],"good":[459,501],"involves":[462],"engagement":[464],"realities":[468],"condition,":[472],"consideration":[475],"individuals\u2019":[477],"suffering.":[478],"Good":[479],"requires":[482],"integrating":[483],"subjective,":[488],"considering":[489],"both":[490,508],"explanation":[491],"understanding,":[493],"providing":[495],"balanced":[497],"bad":[503],"avoids":[507],"unrealistic":[509],"optimism":[510],"undue":[512],"pessimism.":[513]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
