{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108530874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03472.x","title":"The Smoke Detector Principle","display_name":"The Smoke Detector Principle","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108530874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03472.x","mag":"2108530874","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11411177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03472.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03472.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03472.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8802318","display_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0077-8923","issn":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/75092","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068567572","display_name":"Randolph M. Nesse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-0949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-0949"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Randolph M. Nesse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068567572"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":{"value":5080,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5080},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0524,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":254,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70362903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"935","issue":"1","first_page":"75","last_page":"85"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10529","display_name":"Stress Responses and Cortisol","score":0.32499998807907104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2802","display_name":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10529","display_name":"Stress Responses and Cortisol","score":0.32499998807907104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2802","display_name":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.2703000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.04580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-detection-theory","display_name":"signal detection theory","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarms","display_name":"false alarms","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"stress","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escape-behavior","display_name":"escape behavior","score":0.5519999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6680414080619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66887028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382444","display_name":"Marginal cost","level":2,"score":0.44943299889564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4445810317993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.42936229705810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4191243052482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3290459215641022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31071341037750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24447131156921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.19676345586776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1692752242088318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07687625288963318}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012641","descriptor_name":"Selection, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015536","descriptor_name":"Down-Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017603","descriptor_name":"Signal Detection, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03472.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03472.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03472.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8802318","display_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0077-8923","issn":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11411177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11411177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/75092","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/75092","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/75092","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/75092","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/75092","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/75092","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2108530874.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2108530874.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134893681","https://openalex.org/W650709205","https://openalex.org/W653911257","https://openalex.org/W1580698090","https://openalex.org/W1706498791","https://openalex.org/W1989249053","https://openalex.org/W2000409926","https://openalex.org/W2018303025","https://openalex.org/W2042760519","https://openalex.org/W2048226420","https://openalex.org/W2064589550","https://openalex.org/W2068392981","https://openalex.org/W2082529291","https://openalex.org/W2094010366","https://openalex.org/W2099901781","https://openalex.org/W2115400095","https://openalex.org/W2122995853","https://openalex.org/W2154001443","https://openalex.org/W2160719354","https://openalex.org/W2161169328","https://openalex.org/W2165111556","https://openalex.org/W2316832790","https://openalex.org/W2319367674","https://openalex.org/W2334787351","https://openalex.org/W2404663675","https://openalex.org/W3091709174","https://openalex.org/W4245237936","https://openalex.org/W4245933202","https://openalex.org/W4302607898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2323157598","https://openalex.org/W3203609282","https://openalex.org/W4244532485","https://openalex.org/W2992110480","https://openalex.org/W4415707513","https://openalex.org/W1809521054","https://openalex.org/W4239582638","https://openalex.org/W1998649247","https://openalex.org/W2542847747","https://openalex.org/W117497873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Defenses,":[0],"such":[1],"as":[2],"flight,":[3],"cough,":[4],"stress,":[5],"and":[6,173],"anxiety,":[7],"should":[8],"theoretically":[9],"be":[10,32,147,167],"expressed":[11,33,98],"to":[12,21,31,49,62,78,99,170],"a":[13,24,111],"degree":[14,102],"that":[15,113,127],"is":[16,75,133,156],"near":[17],"the":[18,68,79,85,100,104,108,118,128],"optimum":[19],"needed":[20],"protect":[22],"against":[23],"given":[25],"threat.":[26],"Many":[27],"defenses":[28,132,144],"seem,":[29],"however,":[30],"too":[34,37],"readily":[35],"or":[36],"intensely.":[38],"Furthermore,":[39],"there":[40],"are":[41,97],"remarkably":[42],"few":[43],"untoward":[44],"effects":[45],"from":[46,117],"using":[47],"drugs":[48,165],"dampen":[50],"defensive":[51],"responses.":[52],"A":[53],"signal":[54],"detection":[55],"analysis":[56],"of":[57,70,130],"defense":[58,74],"regulation":[59],"can":[60,145,166],"help":[61],"resolve":[63],"this":[64],"apparent":[65],"paradox.":[66],"When":[67],"cost":[69,106],"expressing":[71],"an":[72,157],"all-or-none":[73],"low":[76],"compared":[77],"potential":[80],"harm":[81],"it":[82],"protects":[83],"against,":[84],"optimal":[86,101],"system":[87],"will":[88],"express":[89],"many":[90,131],"false":[91],"alarms.":[92],"Defenses":[93],"with":[94],"graded":[95],"responses":[96],"when":[103,164],"marginal":[105,109],"equals":[107],"benefit,":[110],"point":[112],"may":[114],"vary":[115],"considerably":[116],"intuitive":[119],"optimum.":[120],"Models":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123],"these":[124],"principles":[125],"show":[126],"overresponsiveness":[129],"only":[134],"apparent,":[135],"but":[136],"they":[137],"also":[138],"suggest":[139],"that,":[140],"in":[141],"specific":[142],"instances,":[143],"often":[146],"dampened":[148],"without":[149],"compromising":[150],"fitness.":[151],"The":[152],"smoke":[153],"detector":[154],"principle":[155],"essential":[158],"foundation":[159],"for":[160],"making":[161],"decisions":[162],"about":[163],"used":[168],"safely":[169],"relieve":[171],"suffering":[172],"block":[174],"defenses.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}