{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108326557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00575.x","title":"Categories and Dimensions","display_name":"Categories and Dimensions","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108326557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00575.x","mag":"2108326557","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19727339","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2736067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00575.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00575.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00575.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114020440","display_name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","issn_l":"0963-7214","issn":["0963-7214","1467-8721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2736067","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049414839","display_name":"John Ruscio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64281891","display_name":"The College of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/02nx5r318","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Ruscio","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067250281","display_name":"Ayelet Meron Ruscio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayelet Meron Ruscio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania","#N# * University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# * University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049414839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6401,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.952444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"203","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-constructs","display_name":"psychological constructs","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-structure","display_name":"latent structure","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"structural equation modeling","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-comparison","display_name":"model comparison","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct-validity","display_name":"construct validity","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.7141326069831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7066811323165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.6898757815361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.65399169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201377581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863448","display_name":"Reification (Marxism)","level":3,"score":0.5613369345664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.5142783522605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.44623619318008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.4342895448207855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992048920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256367","display_name":"Psychological science","level":2,"score":0.42036348581314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.41921716928482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.39654776453971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.378467857837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23893672227859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22218057513237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10713568329811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00575.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00575.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00575.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114020440","display_name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","issn_l":"0963-7214","issn":["0963-7214","1467-8721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19727339","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19727339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current directions in psychological science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2736067","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2736067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1030.3748","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1030.3748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cdp.sagepub.com/content/17/3/203.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.720.7923","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.720.7923","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://sites.sas.upenn.edu/ruscio-lab/files/2008_-_ruscio__ruscio.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.722.9715","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.722.9715","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.tcnj.edu/%7Eruscio/Ruscio%20%26%20Ruscio%20%282008%29%20CDir%20Categories%20and%20Dimensions.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2736067","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2736067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391887938","display_name":"Classification and Epidemiology of Emotional Disorders","funder_award_id":"K01MH076162","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W626356938","https://openalex.org/W1513869762","https://openalex.org/W1579271636","https://openalex.org/W1969908903","https://openalex.org/W1993145183","https://openalex.org/W2020559865","https://openalex.org/W2028862738","https://openalex.org/W2030092047","https://openalex.org/W2038310571","https://openalex.org/W2043432122","https://openalex.org/W2053531862","https://openalex.org/W2059616036","https://openalex.org/W2080888532","https://openalex.org/W2081197178","https://openalex.org/W2081843991","https://openalex.org/W2098051295","https://openalex.org/W2108096958","https://openalex.org/W2118947291","https://openalex.org/W2120528221","https://openalex.org/W2147205032","https://openalex.org/W2149002740","https://openalex.org/W2612166593","https://openalex.org/W4251737152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990074298","https://openalex.org/W2149002740","https://openalex.org/W2104305252","https://openalex.org/W2142344632","https://openalex.org/W2303554089","https://openalex.org/W2043432122","https://openalex.org/W2746240147","https://openalex.org/W7135458114","https://openalex.org/W3093521482","https://openalex.org/W7100805798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"distinction":[1,115],"between":[2,75],"categories":[3,58],"and":[4,11,72,96,104,124],"dimensions":[5],"has":[6],"important":[7],"consequences":[8],"for":[9,62,121,131],"basic":[10],"applied":[12],"science":[13],"in":[14],"many":[15],"areas":[16,129],"of":[17,56,67,128,137],"psychological":[18,68],"research.":[19,139],"Decisions":[20],"as":[21],"to":[22,28,50,92],"whether":[23],"individuals":[24],"should":[25,112],"be":[26],"assigned":[27],"groups":[29],"or":[30,34,43,54,59],"located":[31],"along":[32],"one":[33],"more":[35],"continua":[36],"often":[37],"are":[38,78],"based":[39],"on":[40,83],"personal":[41],"preferences":[42],"discipline-specific":[44],"measurement":[45],"traditions,":[46],"which":[47,99],"can":[48,88],"lead":[49],"the":[51,64,94,126,133],"creation,":[52],"use,":[53],"reification":[55],"spurious":[57],"dimensions.":[60],"Methods":[61],"evaluating":[63],"latent":[65],"structure":[66],"constructs,":[69],"using":[70],"powerful":[71],"informative":[73],"tests":[74],"competing":[76],"models,":[77],"available.":[79],"Rather":[80],"than":[81],"choosing":[82],"a":[84],"priori":[85],"grounds,":[86],"investigators":[87],"perform":[89],"structural":[90,138],"research":[91],"evaluate":[93],"strength":[95],"consistency":[97],"with":[98],"results":[100],"tease":[101],"apart":[102],"categorical":[103],"dimensional":[105],"models.":[106],"Here,":[107],"we":[108],"review":[109],"why":[110],"researchers":[111],"make":[113],"this":[114],"empirically,":[116],"briefly":[117],"discuss":[118],"methods":[119],"available":[120],"doing":[122],"so,":[123],"describe":[125],"breadth":[127],"ripe":[130],"exploiting":[132],"largely":[134],"untapped":[135],"potential":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
