{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108248449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614013646","title":"Microscopy and X-Ray Spectroscopy Analyses for Assessment of Gilding and Silvering Techniques of Portuguese Illuminated Manuscripts","display_name":"Microscopy and X-Ray Spectroscopy Analyses for Assessment of Gilding and Silvering Techniques of Portuguese Illuminated Manuscripts","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108248449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614013646","mag":"2108248449","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25591998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1431927614013646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614013646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614013646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98208149","display_name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","issn_l":"1431-9276","issn":["1431-9276","1435-8115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Agn\u00e8s Le Gac","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Agn\u00e8s Le Gac","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Departamento Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Restauro, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia,Universidade Nova de Lisboa,2829-516 Caparica,Portugal","Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal","Departamento Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Restauro, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Departamento Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Restauro, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia,Universidade Nova de Lisboa,2829-516 Caparica,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Restauro, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072797749","display_name":"Isabel Nogueira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-1172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-1172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel D. Nogueira","raw_affiliation_strings":["3Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico,Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia de Materiais e Superf\u00edcies,Av. Rovisco Pais,1049-001 Lisboa,Portugal","Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia de Materiais e Superf\u00edcies, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico,Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia de Materiais e Superf\u00edcies,Av. Rovisco Pais,1049-001 Lisboa,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia de Materiais e Superf\u00edcies, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012597152","display_name":"Mauro Guerra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6286-4048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6286-4048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Guerra","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica,Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal","Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica,Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090705407","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos Frade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-4914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-4914"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25169866","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9snr86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25169866"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos Frade","raw_affiliation_strings":["4CITAR-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia das Artes,Escola das Artes,Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 1327,4169-005 Porto,Portugal","CITAR\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia das Artes, Escola das Artes, Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4CITAR-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia das Artes,Escola das Artes,Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 1327,4169-005 Porto,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25169866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CITAR\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia das Artes, Escola das Artes, Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25169866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076493158","display_name":"S. Longelin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-3174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-3174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"St\u00e9phane Longelin","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica,Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal","Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica,Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012231439","display_name":"Marta Manso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6957-0701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6957-0701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Manso","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica,Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal","Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica,Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069769788","display_name":"Sofia Pessanha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-2494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-2494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Pessanha","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica,Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal","Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica,Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054954219","display_name":"Ana Isabel Seruya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Isabel M. Seruya","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica,Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal","Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica,Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625237","display_name":"Lu\u00edsa Carvalho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9004-1134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9004-1134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Luisa Carvalho","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica,Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal","Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica,Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I83558840"],"apc_list":{"value":3554,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3554},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0141,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96306171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"20","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12039","display_name":"Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12981","display_name":"Conservation Techniques and Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gilding","display_name":"gilding","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silvering","display_name":"silvering","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illuminated-manuscripts","display_name":"illuminated manuscripts","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manuel-i-of-portugal","display_name":"Manuel I of Portugal","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parchment","display_name":"parchment","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-leaf","display_name":"gold leaf","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-glue","display_name":"animal glue","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion","display_name":"corrosion","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-alloys","display_name":"gold alloys","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chalk","display_name":"chalk","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt","display_name":"salt","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lime","display_name":"lime","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pumice","display_name":"pumice","score":0.8360000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5424985289573669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35219183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5146","display_name":"Portuguese","level":2,"score":0.5245792269706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.4631606340408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.42140302062034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3604426980018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.34553173184394836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18174323439598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.13616040349006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.059487104415893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1431927614013646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614013646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614013646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98208149","display_name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","issn_l":"1431-9276","issn":["1431-9276","1435-8115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25591998","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25591998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147627301","https://openalex.org/W274372923","https://openalex.org/W560253238","https://openalex.org/W622218380","https://openalex.org/W645342173","https://openalex.org/W1505365612","https://openalex.org/W1652441931","https://openalex.org/W1980895842","https://openalex.org/W1992550894","https://openalex.org/W1993797499","https://openalex.org/W1994003171","https://openalex.org/W2010634562","https://openalex.org/W2014384825","https://openalex.org/W2021580688","https://openalex.org/W2038262236","https://openalex.org/W2053312446","https://openalex.org/W2062261436","https://openalex.org/W2084038038","https://openalex.org/W2119024014","https://openalex.org/W2123057734","https://openalex.org/W2127416784","https://openalex.org/W2314417378","https://openalex.org/W2740362080","https://openalex.org/W2963465197"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980895842","https://openalex.org/W2027037893","https://openalex.org/W4253036081","https://openalex.org/W4250330200","https://openalex.org/W4234412753","https://openalex.org/W2605798151","https://openalex.org/W2038262236","https://openalex.org/W2989865218","https://openalex.org/W2021580688","https://openalex.org/W4214555057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70],"objects":[1],"of":[2,20,50,73,179],"this":[3],"study":[4,43],"are":[5,37],"various":[6,186],"local":[7],"charters":[8],"(cartas":[9],"de":[10],"foral,":[11],"in":[12,60,125,158,166,185],"Portuguese)":[13],"granted":[14],"by":[15],"Dom":[16],"Manuel":[17],"I,":[18],"King":[19],"Portugal":[21],"(1495-1521),":[22],"which":[23,61],"substituted":[24],"for":[25,87],"medieval":[26],"ones":[27],"and":[28,41,53,68,75,102,119,122,139],"were":[29,64,133,149],"intended":[30],"to":[31,57,81,112],"achieve":[32],"an":[33],"administrative":[34],"unification.":[35],"These":[36],"luxuriously":[38],"illuminated":[39],"manuscripts,":[40],"our":[42],"aims":[44],"at":[45],"obtaining":[46],"a":[47,109,171],"better":[48],"understanding":[49],"the":[51,58,62,83,89,114],"gilding":[52],"silvering":[54],"techniques":[55],"applied":[56,135,150],"parchments,":[59,90],"forais":[63],"written,":[65],"between":[66],"1500":[67],"1520.":[69],"combined":[71],"use":[72],"microscopy":[74],"X-ray":[76],"spectroscopy":[77],"analyses":[78],"allowed":[79],"us":[80],"identify":[82],"vestigial":[84],"materials":[85],"used":[86,184],"making":[88],"including":[91],"products":[92],"such":[93],"as":[94,108],"salt":[95],"(NaCl),":[96],"lime":[97],"(CaO),":[98],"pumice":[99],"stone":[100],"(SiO2+Al2O3),":[101],"chalk":[103],"(CaCO3).":[104],"Chalk":[105],"was":[106,163,183],"employed":[107,165],"whitening":[110],"agent":[111],"give":[113],"parchment":[115],"its":[116,167,176],"final":[117],"color":[118],"opacity.":[120],"Shell-gold":[121],"shell-silver":[123],"mixed":[124],"with":[126],"animal":[127],"glue":[128],"or":[129],"gum":[130],"binding":[131],"media":[132],"directly":[134],"on":[136],"type":[137,159],"1":[138],"3":[140],"forais,":[141],"while":[142,181],"very":[143],"thin":[144],"gold":[145,182],"leaves":[146],"(<1":[147],"\u00b5m)":[148],"over":[151],"lead-based":[152],"tempera":[153],"grounds":[154],"(50-180":[155],"\u00b5m":[156],"thick)":[157],"2":[160],"forais.":[161],"Silver":[162],"always":[164],"finest":[168],"form":[169],"without":[170],"further":[172],"protective":[173],"layer":[174],"(thus":[175],"recursive":[177],"state":[178],"corrosion),":[180],"alloy":[187],"grades.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}