{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108234399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.50.003615","title":"Design and optimization of liquid core optical ring resonator for refractive index sensing","display_name":"Design and optimization of liquid core optical ring resonator for refractive index sensing","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108234399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.50.003615","mag":"2108234399","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21743574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/ao.50.003615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.50.003615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.50.003615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211917","display_name":"Applied Optics","issn_l":"0003-6935","issn":["0003-6935","1539-4522","1540-8981","1559-128X","2155-3165"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Optics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113951318","display_name":"Nai Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nai Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090166634","display_name":"Lan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-1987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-1987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China","Beijing Institute of Technology","Missouri University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100714719","display_name":"Sumei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5511-1344","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5511-1344"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China","[Beijing Institute of Technology.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Beijing Institute of Technology.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008110714","display_name":"Hai Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1460-6241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1460-6241","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7010-4102","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-1584"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA","[Missouri University of Science & Technology]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Missouri University of Science & Technology]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068600935","display_name":"Yongfeng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5942-1999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5942-1999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongfeng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of#N#                     Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of#N#                     Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016267607","display_name":"Hai-Lung Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-633X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-633X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai-Lung Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA","[Missouri University of Science & Technology]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Missouri University of Science & Technology]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0947,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8007138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"20","first_page":"3615","last_page":"3615"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.019999999552965164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index-sensing","display_name":"refractive index sensing","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whispering-gallery-modes","display_name":"whispering gallery modes","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wall-thickness-optimization","display_name":"wall thickness optimization","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-drift","display_name":"temperature drift","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/te-and-tm-polarization","display_name":"TE and TM polarization","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-modes","display_name":"higher-order modes","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-limit","display_name":"detection limit","score":0.7609999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.8323990106582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77255779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7993947","display_name":"Whispering-gallery wave","level":3,"score":0.8139172196388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.8035311698913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7362208366394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7173207998275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.5862744450569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47378062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15726150","display_name":"High-refractive-index polymer","level":3,"score":0.42700886726379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3806636333465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13940563797950745}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/ao.50.003615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.50.003615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.50.003615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211917","display_name":"Applied Optics","issn_l":"0003-6935","issn":["0003-6935","1539-4522","1540-8981","1559-128X","2155-3165"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Optics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21743574","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21743574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied optics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1672766972","https://openalex.org/W2008689912","https://openalex.org/W2025638875","https://openalex.org/W2029910769","https://openalex.org/W2040512830","https://openalex.org/W2045184826","https://openalex.org/W2057890768","https://openalex.org/W2059255935","https://openalex.org/W2072710314","https://openalex.org/W2100767415","https://openalex.org/W2106199055","https://openalex.org/W2124774998","https://openalex.org/W2124829965","https://openalex.org/W2127518650","https://openalex.org/W2127628180","https://openalex.org/W2136797018","https://openalex.org/W2155189614","https://openalex.org/W2155473070","https://openalex.org/W2159737140","https://openalex.org/W2160086511","https://openalex.org/W4253805145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155473070","https://openalex.org/W1972485565","https://openalex.org/W2039889238","https://openalex.org/W2124829965","https://openalex.org/W2054212714","https://openalex.org/W2614451267","https://openalex.org/W1986441515","https://openalex.org/W2742265904","https://openalex.org/W2024963588","https://openalex.org/W2078375155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"performs":[2],"a":[3,48,58,84],"detailed":[4],"theoretical":[5,80],"analysis":[6,36],"of":[7,30,40,54,90],"refractive":[8],"index":[9],"(RI)":[10],"sensors":[11],"based":[12],"on":[13],"whispering":[14],"gallery":[15],"modes":[16],"(WGMs)":[17],"in":[18,87],"liquid":[19],"core":[20],"optical":[21],"ring":[22],"resonators":[23],"(LCORRs).":[24],"Both":[25],"TE-":[26],"and":[27],"TM-polarized":[28],"WGMs":[29,39,53],"various":[31],"orders":[32,42,56],"are":[33],"considered.":[34],"The":[35,68,79],"shows":[37],"that":[38],"higher":[41],"need":[43],"thicker":[44],"walls":[45],"to":[46],"achieve":[47],"near-zero":[49],"thermal":[50],"drift,":[51],"but":[52],"different":[55],"exhibit":[57],"similar":[59],"RI":[60,69,93],"sensing":[61],"performance":[62],"at":[63,75],"the":[64,76,88],"thermostable":[65,77,92],"wall":[66],"thicknesses.":[67],"detection":[70],"limit":[71],"is":[72],"very":[73],"low":[74],"thickness.":[78],"predications":[81],"should":[82],"provide":[83],"general":[85],"guidance":[86],"development":[89],"LCORR-based":[91],"sensors.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}