{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108045629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x9303700206","title":"Trends and Conditions of Imprisonment in Nigeria","display_name":"Trends and Conditions of Imprisonment in Nigeria","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108045629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x9303700206","mag":"2108045629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0306624x9303700206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x9303700206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x9303700206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140831787","display_name":"International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology","issn_l":"0020-7497","issn":["0020-7497","0306-624X","1552-6933"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005128928","display_name":"Etannibi E. O. Alemika","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161374704","display_name":"University of Jos","ror":"https://ror.org/009kx9832","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Etannibi E. O. Alemika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005128928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161374704"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29544233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"2","first_page":"147","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.8974999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.8974999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.0885000005364418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incarceration","display_name":"incarceration","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prison-overcrowding","display_name":"prison overcrowding","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prison-health-care","display_name":"prison health care","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prison-nutrition","display_name":"prison nutrition","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remand-prisoners","display_name":"remand prisoners","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/execution","display_name":"execution","score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-dictatorship","display_name":"military dictatorship","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-prevention","display_name":"crime prevention","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offender-rehabilitation","display_name":"offender rehabilitation","score":0.7059999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841236","display_name":"Imprisonment","level":2,"score":0.9419272541999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778872837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113614","display_name":"Overcrowding","level":2,"score":0.8888086080551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6123422384262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5425001978874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.4869881570339203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.45832952857017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.4506816267967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.40263867378234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.33534616231918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30111733078956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2953966557979584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.19034898281097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.18976616859436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.07607626914978027}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0306624x9303700206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x9303700206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x9303700206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140831787","display_name":"International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology","issn_l":"0020-7497","issn":["0020-7497","0306-624X","1552-6933"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W593646945","https://openalex.org/W612396990","https://openalex.org/W627651116","https://openalex.org/W1971703441","https://openalex.org/W1987461217","https://openalex.org/W1994746786","https://openalex.org/W2012353518","https://openalex.org/W2062339471","https://openalex.org/W2085399747","https://openalex.org/W2087198129","https://openalex.org/W2328337076","https://openalex.org/W2799777265","https://openalex.org/W3121728162","https://openalex.org/W3127469156","https://openalex.org/W3134586498","https://openalex.org/W4229984414","https://openalex.org/W4252206815","https://openalex.org/W4301857484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989539556","https://openalex.org/W3195567239","https://openalex.org/W4246434263","https://openalex.org/W2321027536","https://openalex.org/W4387719998","https://openalex.org/W7154999804","https://openalex.org/W3015783924","https://openalex.org/W2469164008","https://openalex.org/W3207389763","https://openalex.org/W2601202566"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"analyzes":[2],"the":[3,60,82,87,99],"trends":[4],"and":[5,19,25,36,41,44,57,62,72,80,93,95],"conditions":[6],"of":[7,23,32,52,84,86],"imprisonment":[8],"in":[9,16,47],"Nigeria.":[10],"The":[11,50],"analysis":[12],"reveals":[13],"an":[14],"upsurge":[15],"prisons":[17],"admissions,":[18],"a":[20],"high":[21],"proportion":[22],"detainees":[24],"inmates":[26],"remanded":[27],"pending":[28],"trial.":[29],"High":[30],"rates":[31],"custodial":[33],"morbidity,":[34],"mortality":[35],"overcrowding,":[37],"poor":[38],"health":[39],"care,":[40],"inadequate":[42],"nutrition":[43],"food":[45],"prevail":[46],"Nigerian":[48],"prisons.":[49,101],"rate":[51],"execution":[53],"increased":[54],"between":[55],"1984":[56],"1990":[58],"under":[59],"Buhari":[61],"Babangida":[63],"military":[64],"regimes.":[65],"Nigeria":[66],"needs":[67],"to":[68,77],"deliberately":[69],"adopt":[70],"socioeconomic":[71],"political":[73],"policies":[74],"that":[75],"help":[76],"prevent":[78],"crimes":[79],"enhance":[81],"correction":[83],"offenders-instead":[85],"current":[88],"preoccupation":[89],"with":[90],"repressive":[91],"policing":[92],"cruel":[94],"unusual":[96],"punishments":[97],"within":[98],"nation's":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}