{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108002736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.656","title":"BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF BLACK AND WHITE FEATHERS","display_name":"BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF BLACK AND WHITE FEATHERS","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108002736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.656","mag":"2108002736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/auk/121.3.656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152904045","display_name":"The Auk","issn_l":"0004-8038","issn":["0004-8038","1938-4254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Auk","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2108002736"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gerald Goldstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81461992","display_name":"Ohio Wesleyan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qj9qr34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Goldstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048249046","display_name":"Kelly R. Flory","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81461992","display_name":"Ohio Wesleyan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qj9qr34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly R. Flory","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078155707","display_name":"Beth Ann Browne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81461992","display_name":"Ohio Wesleyan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qj9qr34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beth Ann Browne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012893567","display_name":"Samia Majid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81461992","display_name":"Ohio Wesleyan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qj9qr34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samia Majid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006934378","display_name":"Jann M. Ichida","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81461992","display_name":"Ohio Wesleyan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qj9qr34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jann M. Ichida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108551020","display_name":"Edward H. Burtt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81461992","display_name":"Ohio Wesleyan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qj9qr34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward H. Burtt Jr.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0932,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":184,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96909045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"121","issue":"3","first_page":"656","last_page":"656"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11617","display_name":"Enzyme Production and Characterization","score":0.6284000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11617","display_name":"Enzyme Production and Characterization","score":0.6284000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11791","display_name":"Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology","score":0.058800000697374344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.0568000003695488,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feather-degradation","display_name":"feather degradation","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-licheniformis","display_name":"Bacillus licheniformis","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keratinase","display_name":"keratinase","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-keratin","display_name":"beta-keratin","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanin","display_name":"melanin","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plumage-coloration","display_name":"plumage coloration","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-absorption","display_name":"optical absorption","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligopeptides","display_name":"oligopeptides","score":0.8489999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127745971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81025","display_name":"Feather","level":2,"score":0.9227191209793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5821579694747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4330647885799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.38766998052597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3645455837249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06558093428611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.052172183990478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/auk/121.3.656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152904045","display_name":"The Auk","issn_l":"0004-8038","issn":["0004-8038","1938-4254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Auk","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0656:bdobaw]2.0.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0656:bdobaw]2.0.co;2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0656:bdobaw]2.0.co;2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152904045","display_name":"The Auk","issn_l":"0004-8038","issn":["0004-8038","1938-4254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Auk","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.owu.edu:zool_pubs-1013","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/zool_pubs/14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196910","display_name":"Digital Commons - OWU (Ohio Wesleyan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I81461992","host_organization_name":"Ohio Wesleyan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zoology Faculty Work","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0656:BDOBAW]2.0.CO;2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/0004-8038%282004%29121%5B0656%3ABDOBAW%5D2.0.CO%3B2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402358","display_name":"BioOne Complete (BioOne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210111627","host_organization_name":"BioOne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W655377717","https://openalex.org/W1568588233","https://openalex.org/W2010225907","https://openalex.org/W2109634038","https://openalex.org/W2146754151","https://openalex.org/W2150015409","https://openalex.org/W2154129361","https://openalex.org/W2320415709","https://openalex.org/W2331391423","https://openalex.org/W2334129299","https://openalex.org/W2493215895","https://openalex.org/W2520093023","https://openalex.org/W2802125125","https://openalex.org/W4246138346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2623014453","https://openalex.org/W2470401548","https://openalex.org/W4315928958","https://openalex.org/W2948426251","https://openalex.org/W2169420596","https://openalex.org/W1971952560","https://openalex.org/W1491542992","https://openalex.org/W1965883290","https://openalex.org/W2484656796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"When":[1],"feather-degrading":[2,33],"Bacillus":[3],"licheniformis":[4,110],"is":[5],"grown":[6],"in":[7,61,75,89,95],"culture,":[8],"it":[9],"secretes":[10],"a":[11,19,41],"keratinase":[12],"that":[13,24,84,108],"hydrolyzes":[14],"the":[15,27,30,106],"\u03b2-keratin":[16],"matrix":[17],"of":[18,43,59,73,103],"feather,":[20],"thereby":[21],"releasing":[22],"oligopeptides":[23,86],"dissolve":[25],"into":[26],"medium":[28,44,60,74,90,96],"surrounding":[29,91,97],"feather":[31,47],"and":[32,51],"bacilli.":[34],"These":[35],"peptides":[36],"absorb":[37,68],"light":[38,70,104],"passed":[39],"through":[40],"sample":[42],"from":[45],"which":[46,62,76,82],"fragments,":[48],"melanin":[49],"granules,":[50],"bacteria":[52],"have":[53],"been":[54],"removed":[55],"by":[56],"centrifugation.":[57],"Samples":[58],"white,":[63],"nonmelanic":[64],"feathers":[65,79,93,113],"are":[66,80,87],"degrading":[67],"more":[69,85,114],"than":[71,94,116],"samples":[72],"black,":[77],"melanic":[78],"degrading,":[81],"indicates":[83],"dissolved":[88],"white":[92,112],"black":[98,117],"feathers.":[99,118],"The":[100],"differential":[101],"absorption":[102],"supports":[105],"conclusion":[107],"B.":[109],"degrades":[111],"rapidly":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
