{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107968019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs007","title":"Is There a Metropolitan Bias? The relationship between poverty and city size in a selection of developing countries","display_name":"Is There a Metropolitan Bias? The relationship between poverty and city size in a selection of developing countries","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107968019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs007","mag":"2107968019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/wber/lhs007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs007","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/wber/article-pdf/26/3/351/23944609/lhs007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735890421","display_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","issn_l":"0258-6770","issn":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/wber/article-pdf/26/3/351/23944609/lhs007.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088068373","display_name":"C\u00e9line Ferr\u00e9","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e9line Ferr\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101410221","display_name":"Francisco H. G. Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8926-0500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8926-0500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco H.G. Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Bank"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080688260","display_name":"Peter Lanjouw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-7890","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-7890"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198488067","display_name":"Tinbergen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/054xxtt73","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198488067"]}],"countries":["NL","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Lanjouw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tinbergen Institute","World Bank"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tinbergen Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198488067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080688260"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I198488067"],"apc_list":{"value":3986,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3986},"apc_paid":{"value":3986,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3986},"fwci":9.4943,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97315769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"351","last_page":"382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.676800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.676800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12147","display_name":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","score":0.3156999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-poverty","display_name":"urban poverty","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/city-size","display_name":"city size","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-towns","display_name":"small towns","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-divide","display_name":"urban-rural divide","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption-poverty","display_name":"consumption poverty","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-inequality","display_name":"urban inequality","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slums","display_name":"slums","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-line","display_name":"poverty line","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morocco","display_name":"Morocco","score":0.7490000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.8145968317985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165895018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156849","display_name":"Sewerage","level":2,"score":0.6744410991668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.6416603326797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778631157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201759","display_name":"Slum","level":3,"score":0.6196735501289368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.6056883335113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5143831372261047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.4557307958602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4378272593021393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142077812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175850","display_name":"Standard of living","level":2,"score":0.4323723316192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40423286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284172","display_name":"Selection bias","level":2,"score":0.43218743801116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4306041896343231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3376882076263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3221108317375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.23510274291038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08872717618942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/wber/lhs007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs007","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/wber/article-pdf/26/3/351/23944609/lhs007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735890421","display_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","issn_l":"0258-6770","issn":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oup:wbecrv:v:26:y:2012:i:3:p:351-382","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/wber/lhs007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:wber:lhs007v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://wber.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/lhs007v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/19076","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstreams/59569a7e-90e6-57b3-bca4-d1665b5763e2/download","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/8003f6d7-e7b9-4450-bb24-ba9b15d8a650","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/8003f6d7-e7b9-4450-bb24-ba9b15d8a650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ferr\u00e9, C, Ferreira, F H G & Lanjouw, P 2012, 'Is there a metropolitan bias? The relationship between poverty and city size in a selection of developing countries', World Bank Economic Review, vol. 26, no. 3, lhs007, pp. 351-382. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs007","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:vu:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/8003f6d7-e7b9-4450-bb24-ba9b15d8a650","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/8003f6d7-e7b9-4450-bb24-ba9b15d8a650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"World Bank Economic Review, 26(3):lhs007, 351 - 382. Oxford University Press","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/wber/lhs007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs007","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/wber/article-pdf/26/3/351/23944609/lhs007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735890421","display_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","issn_l":"0258-6770","issn":["0258-6770","1564-698X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Bank Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8928999900817871,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2107968019.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2107968019.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1420191113","https://openalex.org/W1490995146","https://openalex.org/W1607801647","https://openalex.org/W1999895070","https://openalex.org/W2030452208","https://openalex.org/W2073981548","https://openalex.org/W2088972316","https://openalex.org/W2089873391","https://openalex.org/W2097460684","https://openalex.org/W2101804234","https://openalex.org/W2109286696","https://openalex.org/W2111551512","https://openalex.org/W2131859161","https://openalex.org/W2149393808","https://openalex.org/W2150062463","https://openalex.org/W2152401561","https://openalex.org/W2160630567","https://openalex.org/W2160876063","https://openalex.org/W2163785834","https://openalex.org/W2313551483","https://openalex.org/W2619759415","https://openalex.org/W2951238379","https://openalex.org/W3121687334","https://openalex.org/W3123061466","https://openalex.org/W3124880783","https://openalex.org/W3125532899","https://openalex.org/W4236348794","https://openalex.org/W4252379579","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105294144","https://openalex.org/W1871065179","https://openalex.org/W2808538917","https://openalex.org/W4293077792","https://openalex.org/W6908160305","https://openalex.org/W2064297377","https://openalex.org/W2086639807","https://openalex.org/W2513308619","https://openalex.org/W7099589819","https://openalex.org/W2500159744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,37],"paper":[1,50,149],"provides":[2],"evidence":[3],"from":[4],"eight":[5,56],"developing":[6],"countries":[7],"of":[8,46,60,82,97,155,165,176,182],"an":[9,173],"inverse":[10],"relationship":[11],"between":[12,133],"poverty":[13,47,84,188],"and":[14,22,27,80,109,136,193],"city":[15,194],"size.":[16],"Poverty":[17],"is":[18,40,74,88,126],"both":[19],"more":[20],"widespread":[21],"deeper":[23],"in":[24,31,65,85,95,147,162],"very":[25,34,69],"small":[26,28,67,70],"towns":[29,87],"than":[30],"large":[32,35,124],"or":[33,68,178],"cities.":[36],"basic":[38,100],"pattern":[39],"generally":[41,89],"robust":[42],"to":[43,99,142],"the":[44,61,77,145,148,163,180,191],"choice":[45],"line.":[48],"The":[49],"shows,":[51],"further,":[52],"that":[53,76,121],"for":[54,115,186],"all":[55],"countries,":[57],"a":[58,130,152],"majority":[59],"urban":[62],"poor":[63],"live":[64],"medium,":[66],"towns.":[71],"Moreover,":[72],"it":[73],"shown":[75],"greater":[78,93],"incidence":[79],"severity":[81],"consumption":[83],"smaller":[86],"compounded":[90],"by":[91,129,160,170,179],"similarly":[92],"deprivation":[94],"terms":[96],"access":[98],"infrastructure":[101],"services,":[102],"such":[103],"as":[104],"electricity,":[105],"heating":[106],"gas,":[107],"sewerage":[108],"solid":[110],"waste":[111],"disposal.":[112],"We":[113],"illustrate":[114],"one":[116],"country":[117],"\u2013":[118,120],"Morocco":[119],"inequality":[122],"within":[123],"cities":[125],"not":[127],"driven":[128,159],"severe":[131],"dichotomy":[132],"slum":[134],"dwellers":[135],"others.":[137],"Robustness":[138],"checks":[139],"are":[140,158],"performed":[141],"assess":[143],"whether":[144],"findings":[146],"hinge":[150],"on":[151,172],"specific":[153],"definition":[154],"\u201curban":[156],"area\u201d;":[157],"differences":[161],"cost":[164],"living":[166],"across":[167],"city-size":[168],"categories;":[169],"reliance":[171],"income-based":[174],"concept":[175],"well-being;":[177],"application":[181],"small-area":[183],"estimation":[184],"techniques":[185],"estimating":[187],"rates":[189],"at":[190],"town":[192],"level.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
