{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107902570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0097-7403.27.1.79","title":"Stability and variability in extinction.","display_name":"Stability and variability in extinction.","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107902570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0097-7403.27.1.79","mag":"2107902570","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11199517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0097-7403.27.1.79","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0097-7403.27.1.79","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0097-7403.27.1.79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216256","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes","issn_l":"0097-7403","issn":["0097-7403","1939-2184"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079228653","display_name":"Allen J. Neuringer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55486353","display_name":"Reed College","ror":"https://ror.org/00a6ram87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55486353"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allen Neuringer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reed Coll, Psychology Dept, Portland, OR, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reed Coll, Psychology Dept, Portland, OR, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55486353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064113756","display_name":"Nate Kornell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8394-663X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8394-663X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nate Kornell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076454327","display_name":"Matt Olufs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Olufs","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0634,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":142,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97159047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"79","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.7651000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.7651000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.11640000343322754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.032499998807907104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extinction","display_name":"extinction","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-variability","display_name":"response variability","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-sequences","display_name":"response sequences","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-evans-rats","display_name":"Long-Evans rats","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-structure","display_name":"response structure","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-contingencies","display_name":"reinforcement contingencies","score":0.36500000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.9168601632118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101991246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422078","display_name":"Extinction (optical mineralogy)","level":2,"score":0.9127562046051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7507476806640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5826048851013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.442943811416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4045046865940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.375799298286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11500051617622375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10854995250701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0715273916721344}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003216","descriptor_name":"Conditioning, Operant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004193","descriptor_name":"Discrimination Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005108","descriptor_name":"Extinction, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012055","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020318","descriptor_name":"Rats, Long-Evans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0097-7403.27.1.79","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0097-7403.27.1.79","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0097-7403.27.1.79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216256","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes","issn_l":"0097-7403","issn":["0097-7403","1939-2184"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0097-7403.27.1.79","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.27.1.79","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.27.1.79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216256","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes","issn_l":"0097-7403","issn":["0097-7403","1939-2184"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11199517","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11199517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.489.8116","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.489.8116","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.williams.edu/Psychology/Faculty/Kornell/Publications/Neuringer.Kornell.Olufs.2001.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W633458621","https://openalex.org/W1585255372","https://openalex.org/W1693383018","https://openalex.org/W1819888657","https://openalex.org/W1975393912","https://openalex.org/W1980645467","https://openalex.org/W1981877124","https://openalex.org/W1982089700","https://openalex.org/W1982809847","https://openalex.org/W1985516852","https://openalex.org/W1988634644","https://openalex.org/W1992044453","https://openalex.org/W2001158732","https://openalex.org/W2002330982","https://openalex.org/W2004713106","https://openalex.org/W2006614590","https://openalex.org/W2008585567","https://openalex.org/W2016030301","https://openalex.org/W2019240500","https://openalex.org/W2051024320","https://openalex.org/W2056854859","https://openalex.org/W2071235937","https://openalex.org/W2077566605","https://openalex.org/W2083490201","https://openalex.org/W2107356737","https://openalex.org/W2108088379","https://openalex.org/W2114349521","https://openalex.org/W2120491658","https://openalex.org/W2125776055","https://openalex.org/W2155511659","https://openalex.org/W2203532682","https://openalex.org/W2419187887","https://openalex.org/W2468913126","https://openalex.org/W2752061190","https://openalex.org/W2752853835","https://openalex.org/W3021452301","https://openalex.org/W3134779254","https://openalex.org/W4207080468","https://openalex.org/W4246353461","https://openalex.org/W4251349364","https://openalex.org/W4254215869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2727739603","https://openalex.org/W1997737730","https://openalex.org/W2607294540","https://openalex.org/W7153842509","https://openalex.org/W2113279479","https://openalex.org/W2531309121","https://openalex.org/W2243917572","https://openalex.org/W2102534481","https://openalex.org/W2789689361","https://openalex.org/W2327796461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Some":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2,11],"found":[3,12],"that":[4,13],"extinction":[5],"leaves":[6],"response":[7,14,36],"structures":[8],"unaltered;":[9],"others":[10],"variability":[15],"is":[16],"increased.":[17],"Responding":[18],"by":[19],"Long-Evans":[20],"rats":[21],"was":[22,54,76],"extinguished":[23],"after":[24],"3":[25,39],"schedules.":[26],"In":[27,41,50,62],"one,":[28],"reinforcement":[29,53,84,112],"depended":[30],"on":[31],"repetitions":[32,59],"of":[33,73,95,111],"a":[34,114],"particular":[35],"sequence":[37,74],"across":[38],"operanda.":[40],"another,":[42],"sequences":[43,66,82],"were":[44],"reinforced":[45],"only":[46],"if":[47],"they":[48],"varied.":[49],"the":[51,71,79,109],"third,":[52],"yoked:":[55],"not":[56],"contingent":[57],"upon":[58],"or":[60],"variations.":[61],"all":[63],"cases,":[64],"rare":[65],"increased":[67],"during":[68,83],"extinction--variability":[69],"increased--but":[70],"ordering":[72],"probabilities":[75],"generally":[77,96],"unchanged,":[78],"most":[80,88],"common":[81],"continuing":[85],"to":[86],"be":[87],"frequent":[89],"in":[90],"extinction.":[91],"The":[92],"rats'":[93],"combination":[94],"doing":[97,103],"what":[98],"worked":[99],"before":[100],"but":[101],"occasionally":[102],"something":[104],"very":[105],"different":[106],"may":[107],"maximize":[108],"possibility":[110],"from":[113],"previously":[115],"bountiful":[116],"source":[117],"while":[118],"providing":[119],"necessary":[120],"variations":[121],"for":[122],"new":[123],"learning.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}