{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107760844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1803_2","title":"Is Creativity Unidimensional or Multidimensional? Analyses of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking","display_name":"Is Creativity Unidimensional or Multidimensional? Analyses of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107760844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1803_2","mag":"2107760844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15326934crj1803_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1803_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1803_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9211381","display_name":"Creativity Research Journal","issn_l":"1040-0419","issn":["1040-0419","1532-6934"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Creativity Research Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100608880","display_name":"Kyung Hee Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-4597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-4597"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138216421","display_name":"Eastern Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ehshm78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyung Hee Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100608880"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.163,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":190,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96320797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"251","last_page":"259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11079","display_name":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11079","display_name":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14308","display_name":"Psychological and Educational Research Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creativity","display_name":"creativity","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torrance-tests-of-creative-thinking","display_name":"Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-structure","display_name":"factor structure","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-function","display_name":"cognitive function","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52929581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826931","display_name":"Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking","level":4,"score":0.9169294834136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.9107747077941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.834995448589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.558941662311554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.49951648712158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4537709653377533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3678005635738373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988206411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creative thinking","level":3,"score":0.34464481472969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3198885917663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.12736347317695618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08978712558746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06450062990188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15326934crj1803_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1803_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1803_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9211381","display_name":"Creativity Research Journal","issn_l":"1040-0419","issn":["1040-0419","1532-6934"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Creativity Research Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18134770","https://openalex.org/W127022601","https://openalex.org/W133629846","https://openalex.org/W182860252","https://openalex.org/W413120758","https://openalex.org/W656206324","https://openalex.org/W856280164","https://openalex.org/W1566572938","https://openalex.org/W1665332082","https://openalex.org/W1911640279","https://openalex.org/W1972652540","https://openalex.org/W1973838802","https://openalex.org/W1986642396","https://openalex.org/W1987765322","https://openalex.org/W1989243075","https://openalex.org/W1996779371","https://openalex.org/W2005092827","https://openalex.org/W2018842554","https://openalex.org/W2023218760","https://openalex.org/W2027751824","https://openalex.org/W2031606115","https://openalex.org/W2044030080","https://openalex.org/W2044490904","https://openalex.org/W2060213942","https://openalex.org/W2062416932","https://openalex.org/W2070233106","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2074056392","https://openalex.org/W2080525398","https://openalex.org/W2081004545","https://openalex.org/W2089393536","https://openalex.org/W2106690469","https://openalex.org/W2115882427","https://openalex.org/W2126300981","https://openalex.org/W2163297822","https://openalex.org/W2163928058","https://openalex.org/W2229741524","https://openalex.org/W2395589385","https://openalex.org/W2481095300","https://openalex.org/W2941647715","https://openalex.org/W2975040748","https://openalex.org/W3175452987","https://openalex.org/W4205774453","https://openalex.org/W4235187224","https://openalex.org/W4252731076","https://openalex.org/W4399223015","https://openalex.org/W6812989577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3180268398","https://openalex.org/W2099092432","https://openalex.org/W2033209011","https://openalex.org/W6987579463","https://openalex.org/W7062300690","https://openalex.org/W2023712500","https://openalex.org/W2600559153","https://openalex.org/W2617837542","https://openalex.org/W7096688268","https://openalex.org/W2912036818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{":":[0],"There":[1],"is":[2,6,16,36],"disagreement":[3],"whether":[4],"creativity":[5,15],"a":[7,79],"unidimensional":[8],"or":[9],"multidimensional":[10],"trait.":[11],"The":[12,64],"dimensionality":[13,34],"of":[14,28,32,42,66,74,86],"important":[17],"to":[18,38,83],"understand":[19],"the":[20,26,39,71,84],"mind's":[21],"cognitive":[22],"functioning;":[23],"thus":[24,50],"aiding":[25],"development":[27],"human":[29],"potential.":[30],"Much":[31],"this":[33,67,89],"debate":[35],"related":[37],"Torrance":[40],"Tests":[41],"Creative":[43],"Thinking":[44],"(TTCT).":[45],"Confirmatory":[46],"factor":[47,60],"analyses":[48],"were":[49,62],"conducted":[51],"with":[52],"data":[53],"from":[54],"500":[55],"Grade-6":[56],"students,":[57],"and":[58],"several":[59],"models":[61],"tested.":[63],"findings":[65],"study":[68],"show":[69],"that":[70],"TTCT":[72],"consists":[73],"2":[75],"factors":[76],"rather":[77],"than":[78],"single":[80],"factor,":[81],"contrary":[82],"majority":[85],"research":[87],"on":[88],"subject.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
