{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107554419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.21759","title":"The Effect of Providing Breakfast in Class on Student Performance","display_name":"The Effect of Providing Breakfast in Class on Student Performance","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107554419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.21759","mag":"2107554419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pam.21759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.21759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.21759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25370267","display_name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","issn_l":"0276-8739","issn":["0276-8739","1520-6688"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035319762","display_name":"Scott Andrew Imberman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3136-0688","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3136-0688"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott A. Imberman","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Univ. of Houston]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Univ. of Houston]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091776207","display_name":"Adriana Debora Kugler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0022-4429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0022-4429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriana D. Kugler","raw_affiliation_strings":["GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3770,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3770},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.82,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99333659,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"3","first_page":"669","last_page":"699"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.864300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.864300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11610","display_name":"Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations","score":0.04560000076889992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-breakfast","display_name":"school breakfast","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-achievement","display_name":"mathematics achievement","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-achievement","display_name":"reading achievement","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grade-point-average","display_name":"grade point average","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-attendance","display_name":"school attendance","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-lunch-eligibility","display_name":"free lunch eligibility","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-students","display_name":"Hispanic students","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-body-mass-index","display_name":"low body mass index","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-accountability","display_name":"school accountability","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-timing","display_name":"program timing","score":0.35499998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780509477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267","display_name":"Cafeteria","level":2,"score":0.9387612342834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339289","display_name":"Attendance","level":2,"score":0.6913677453994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986206625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18185","display_name":"Student achievement","level":3,"score":0.6708704829216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.586808443069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5421406626701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4786754250526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.4731672406196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81369262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6165531","display_name":"Achievement test","level":3,"score":0.4728584289550781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.45884713530540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45070314407348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3931342661380768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.2857735753059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2355300486087799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22225144505500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0967683494091034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0760335624217987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.058462321758270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pam.21759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.21759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.21759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25370267","display_name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","issn_l":"0276-8739","issn":["0276-8739","1520-6688"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.229.4247","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.229.4247","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://class.uh.edu/faculty/simberman/imberman%20kugler%202012.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wly:jpamgt:v:33:y:2014:i:3:p:669-699","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1002/pam.21759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40450000762939453}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W257850480","https://openalex.org/W1483323320","https://openalex.org/W1517559323","https://openalex.org/W1528444948","https://openalex.org/W1565444344","https://openalex.org/W1780040958","https://openalex.org/W1876009107","https://openalex.org/W1892507332","https://openalex.org/W1973315813","https://openalex.org/W1984290470","https://openalex.org/W1990294829","https://openalex.org/W2022744936","https://openalex.org/W2032594285","https://openalex.org/W2052762263","https://openalex.org/W2065182489","https://openalex.org/W2073649672","https://openalex.org/W2073771161","https://openalex.org/W2074449425","https://openalex.org/W2082047925","https://openalex.org/W2100802393","https://openalex.org/W2102675525","https://openalex.org/W2111768032","https://openalex.org/W2122383336","https://openalex.org/W2134656453","https://openalex.org/W2136468457","https://openalex.org/W2143974785","https://openalex.org/W2144871095","https://openalex.org/W2164437044","https://openalex.org/W2170775006","https://openalex.org/W2471161498","https://openalex.org/W2726392668","https://openalex.org/W3025572009","https://openalex.org/W3124969966","https://openalex.org/W4232850263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7101011026","https://openalex.org/W2118798970","https://openalex.org/W1127402146","https://openalex.org/W4226277237","https://openalex.org/W2032594285","https://openalex.org/W4200100130","https://openalex.org/W3184445866","https://openalex.org/W1570886217","https://openalex.org/W43819591","https://openalex.org/W2911906074"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Many":[1],"schools":[2,126],"have":[3],"recently":[4],"experimented":[5],"with":[6],"moving":[7],"breakfast":[8,45],"from":[9],"the":[10,13,50,103,106,109],"cafeteria":[11,51],"to":[12,49],"classroom.":[14],"We":[15,27,41],"examine":[16],"whether":[17],"such":[18],"a":[19,37],"program":[20,32],"increases":[21],"achievement,":[22],"grades,":[23],"and":[24,54,59,74,87,118],"attendance":[25],"rates.":[26],"exploit":[28],"quasi\u2010random":[29],"timing":[30],"of":[31,82],"implementation":[33],"that":[34,43,92,111],"allows":[35],"for":[36,69],"difference\u2010in\u2010differences":[38],"identification":[39],"strategy.":[40],"find":[42],"providing":[44],"in":[46,125],"class":[47],"relative":[48],"raises":[52],"math":[53],"reading":[55],"achievement":[56,113],"by":[57,84],"0.09":[58],"0.06":[60],"standard":[61],"deviations,":[62],"respectively.":[63],"These":[64],"effects":[65,88],"are":[66,95],"most":[67],"pronounced":[68],"low\u2010performing,":[70],"free":[71],"lunch\u2010eligible,":[72],"Hispanic,":[73],"low":[75],"body":[76],"mass":[77],"index":[78],"students.":[79],"A":[80],"lack":[81],"differences":[83],"exposure":[85],"time":[86],"on":[89,96],"grades":[90],"suggest":[91],"these":[93],"impacts":[94],"test\u2010taking":[97],"performance":[98],"rather":[99],"than":[100],"learning.":[101],"At":[102],"same":[104],"time,":[105],"results":[107],"highlight":[108],"possibility":[110],"measured":[112],"may":[114,121],"be":[115,122],"biased":[116],"downwards,":[117],"accountability":[119],"penalties":[120],"inappropriately":[123],"applied,":[124],"where":[127],"many":[128],"students":[129],"do":[130],"not":[131],"consume":[132],"breakfast.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}