{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107274162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379604100804","title":"Reconcilable Differences: The Marriage of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods","display_name":"Reconcilable Differences: The Marriage of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107274162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379604100804","mag":"2107274162","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8899233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/070674379604100804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379604100804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379604100804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8901149","display_name":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0706-7437","issn":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054721137","display_name":"Paula N Goering","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2976-2127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2976-2127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula N Goering","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Systems Research Unit, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Epidemiology and Health Care Research Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario","1 Health Systems Research Unit, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Epidemiology and Health Care Research Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Systems Research Unit, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Epidemiology and Health Care Research Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Health Systems Research Unit, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Epidemiology and Health Care Research Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060363400","display_name":"David L. Streiner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0610-6271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0610-6271"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David L Streiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario","2 Professor, Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2 Professor, Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060363400"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.6307,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9900171,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"8","first_page":"491","last_page":"497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12880","display_name":"Qualitative Research Methods and Applications","score":0.6025000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12880","display_name":"Qualitative Research Methods and Applications","score":0.6025000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10561","display_name":"Educational Research and Methods","score":0.18490000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13051","display_name":"Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research","score":0.03319999948143959,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"qualitative research","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-methods","display_name":"quantitative methods","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-methods-research","display_name":"mixed methods","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combining-qualitative-and-quantitative-data","display_name":"combining qualitative and quantitative data","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-validity","display_name":"research validity","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"sampling","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-rigor","display_name":"research rigor","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus-groups","display_name":"focus groups","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-depth-interviews","display_name":"in-depth interviews","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/participant-observation","display_name":"participant observation","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.6739245653152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.5834564566612244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95986675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185168","display_name":"Quantitative analysis (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.49393516778945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48426955938339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38106369972229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3787422478199005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3281521499156952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21814987063407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08733817934989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0817132294178009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011570","descriptor_name":"Psychiatry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011785","descriptor_name":"Quality Assurance, Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/070674379604100804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379604100804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/070674379604100804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8901149","display_name":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0706-7437","issn":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8899233","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8899233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.584.3510","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.584.3510","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ww1.cpa-apc.org:8080/French_Site/Publications/Archives/PDF/1996/Oct/goering.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W348527603","https://openalex.org/W902745665","https://openalex.org/W1535655797","https://openalex.org/W1544810540","https://openalex.org/W1600437457","https://openalex.org/W1760103213","https://openalex.org/W1782458018","https://openalex.org/W1991857593","https://openalex.org/W1996600674","https://openalex.org/W2001383269","https://openalex.org/W2002591506","https://openalex.org/W2033952602","https://openalex.org/W2042114508","https://openalex.org/W2063736169","https://openalex.org/W2068351378","https://openalex.org/W2091591870","https://openalex.org/W2093709886","https://openalex.org/W2111971157","https://openalex.org/W2149180891","https://openalex.org/W2167477454","https://openalex.org/W2596322858","https://openalex.org/W2930500261","https://openalex.org/W4205826703","https://openalex.org/W4240860573","https://openalex.org/W4247951004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100514719","https://openalex.org/W2470818877","https://openalex.org/W1986684549","https://openalex.org/W4405807141","https://openalex.org/W7154167805","https://openalex.org/W1441956445","https://openalex.org/W2903803442","https://openalex.org/W4249886120","https://openalex.org/W312554408","https://openalex.org/W4416579111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Qualitative":[0],"research":[1],"consists":[2],"of":[3,12,54],"methods":[4,61,70],"that":[5,28],"allow":[6],"for":[7],"a":[8],"more":[9],"in-depth":[10,21],"understanding":[11],"phenomena":[13],"and":[14,23,32,62,64,68],"encompasses":[15],"techniques":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18,48],"focus":[19],"groups,":[20],"interviews,":[22],"participant":[24],"observation.":[25],"The":[26],"guidelines":[27],"pertain":[29],"to":[30,50,76],"sampling":[31],"analysis":[33],"are":[34],"different":[35],"from":[36,81],"those":[37],"which":[38],"govern":[39],"quantitative":[40,69],"techniques,":[41],"but":[42],"they":[43],"can":[44,71],"be":[45,72],"applied":[46],"just":[47],"rigorously":[49],"ensure":[51],"the":[52,55],"validity":[53],"results.":[56],"This":[57],"article":[58],"introduces":[59],"these":[60],"criteria":[63],"illustrates":[65],"how":[66],"qualitative":[67],"combined":[73],"in":[74],"order":[75],"improve":[77],"what":[78],"is":[79],"learned":[80],"each.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
