{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107128809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1997.10544201","title":"International Education: How It Is Defined by U.S. Students and Foreign Students","display_name":"International Education: How It Is Defined by U.S. Students and Foreign Students","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107128809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1997.10544201","mag":"2107128809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00098655.1997.10544201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1997.10544201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1997.10544201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217864","display_name":"The Clearing House A Journal of Educational Strategies Issues and Ideas","issn_l":"0009-8655","issn":["0009-8655","1939-912X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022110166","display_name":"Brian J. Garavalia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102716817","display_name":"Valdosta State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjcaq85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102716817"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian J. Garavalia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vocational Education Department, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vocational Education Department, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102716817"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022110166"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102716817"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93318966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"4","first_page":"215","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":0.8008000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":0.8008000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10546","display_name":"Higher Education Governance and Development","score":0.1160999983549118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12545","display_name":"Global Education and Multiculturalism","score":0.07919999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-education","display_name":"international education","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-mindedness","display_name":"international-mindedness","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-competence","display_name":"global competence","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-students","display_name":"international students","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-perceptions","display_name":"student perceptions","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization-of-higher-education","display_name":"internationalization of higher education","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-comparison","display_name":"cross-cultural comparison","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5075806379318237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4202219843864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3773121237754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3479072153568268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18688443303108215}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00098655.1997.10544201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1997.10544201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1997.10544201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217864","display_name":"The Clearing House A Journal of Educational Strategies Issues and Ideas","issn_l":"0009-8655","issn":["0009-8655","1939-912X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W650302000","https://openalex.org/W2018168937","https://openalex.org/W2082901456","https://openalex.org/W2151689138","https://openalex.org/W2333860747","https://openalex.org/W2731447423","https://openalex.org/W3023165894","https://openalex.org/W4380764040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3153836625","https://openalex.org/W2995377597","https://openalex.org/W2482824674","https://openalex.org/W1874129283","https://openalex.org/W1997171632","https://openalex.org/W2887868024","https://openalex.org/W312759794","https://openalex.org/W2097123247","https://openalex.org/W2101747092","https://openalex.org/W1978789965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Do":[0],"U.S.":[1,41],"college":[2,6],"students":[3,7],"and":[4,23,47,75,108],"foreign":[5,54],"who":[8],"are":[9],"currently":[10],"pursuing":[11],"education":[12,22,46],"in":[13],"the":[14,24,65,71,79,87,90,99,122],"United":[15],"States":[16],"see":[17],"eye-to-eye":[18],"when":[19],"defining":[20],"international":[21,45,125],"competencies":[25,49],"that":[26],"make":[27],"up":[28],"a":[29,114,117],"globalor":[30],"international-minded":[31],"citizen?":[32],"The":[33],"purpose":[34],"of":[35,44,53,64,67,73,78,82,96,124],"this":[36],"study":[37],"was":[38],"to":[39,98],"compare":[40],"students'":[42],"perceptions":[43,52],"related":[48],"with":[50],"similar":[51],"students.":[55],"Some":[56],"comments":[57],"made":[58],"by":[59],"Hans":[60],"de":[61,111],"Wit,":[62],"director":[63],"Office":[66],"Foreign":[68],"Relations":[69],"at":[70],"University":[72],"Amsterdam":[74],"vice":[76],"president":[77],"European":[80],"Association":[81],"Intemrnational":[83],"Educators":[84],"(EAIE),":[85],"were":[86],"inspiration":[88],"for":[89,102,116],"study.":[91],"In":[92],"his":[93],"1993":[94],"review":[95],"Bridges":[97],"Future:":[100],"Strategies":[101],"Internationalizing":[103],"Higher":[104],"Education":[105],"(Klasek,":[106],"Garavalia,":[107],"Kellerman":[109],"1992),":[110],"Wit":[112],"sounds":[113],"call":[115],"debate":[118],"on":[119],"differences":[120],"between":[121],"definition":[123],"educa-":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
