{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106984752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12797","title":"Interpreting Injury Mechanisms of Blunt Force Trauma from Butterfly Fracture Formation","display_name":"Interpreting Injury Mechanisms of Blunt Force Trauma from Butterfly Fracture Formation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106984752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12797","mag":"2106984752","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26289902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042188879","display_name":"Samantha L. Reber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha L. Reber","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076860181","display_name":"Tal L. Simmons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8251-1186","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8251-1186"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tal Simmons","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE U.K","Additional Information and reprint requests:","Department of Forensic Science","Email: [email protected]","P.O. Box 843079","Richmond, VA 23284-3079","Tal Simmons, Ph.D","Virginia Commonwealth University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Additional Information and reprint requests:","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forensic Science","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Email: [email protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"P.O. Box 843079","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Richmond, VA 23284-3079","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tal Simmons, Ph.D","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076860181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I185852735"],"apc_list":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.7191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97288454,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"6","first_page":"1401","last_page":"1411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.3416000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.3416000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10658","display_name":"Bone fractures and treatments","score":0.3379000127315521,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12296","display_name":"Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes","score":0.15649999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blunt-trauma","display_name":"blunt trauma","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-mechanics","display_name":"fracture mechanics","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femur","display_name":"femur","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6565074920654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186068551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13255585","display_name":"Tension (geology)","level":3,"score":0.6204569935798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105698618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886371","display_name":"Blunt","level":2,"score":0.604213297367096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5379500985145569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779015675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92796261","display_name":"Breakage","level":2,"score":0.5064548254013062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778605236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1018085","display_name":"Butterfly","level":2,"score":0.47371405363082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.43258345127105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776441800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68833","display_name":"Bone fracture","level":2,"score":0.42621758580207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.35631608963012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3058335781097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20449748635292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20332136750221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.18184518814086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.149196058511734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10670429468154907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.05512702465057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005264","descriptor_name":"Femoral Fractures","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012756","descriptor_name":"Sheep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014949","descriptor_name":"Wounds, Nonpenetrating","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018732","descriptor_name":"Forensic Anthropology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023421","descriptor_name":"Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26289902","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26289902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of forensic sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41801617","https://openalex.org/W240900609","https://openalex.org/W635948955","https://openalex.org/W1483610526","https://openalex.org/W1536215150","https://openalex.org/W1551005996","https://openalex.org/W1965198194","https://openalex.org/W1970198674","https://openalex.org/W1981614832","https://openalex.org/W1983006413","https://openalex.org/W1985627297","https://openalex.org/W1999993157","https://openalex.org/W2028570468","https://openalex.org/W2035126508","https://openalex.org/W2078742034","https://openalex.org/W2097097636","https://openalex.org/W2100652335","https://openalex.org/W2104234560","https://openalex.org/W2137441485","https://openalex.org/W2141996052","https://openalex.org/W2170511530","https://openalex.org/W2198488435","https://openalex.org/W2535838521","https://openalex.org/W2907919330","https://openalex.org/W3023544130","https://openalex.org/W3128236201","https://openalex.org/W3143509258","https://openalex.org/W4240278694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3035985385","https://openalex.org/W3009727870","https://openalex.org/W2607207802","https://openalex.org/W2936408870","https://openalex.org/W2942345163","https://openalex.org/W2100735417","https://openalex.org/W3139144172","https://openalex.org/W7028627254","https://openalex.org/W4200006130","https://openalex.org/W7054838687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,13,26,70],"biomechanics":[2],"of":[3,46,67,82,142],"fracture":[4,34],"production":[5,64],"during":[6],"blunt":[7,68],"impact,":[8],"tubular":[9],"bones":[10,25],"are":[11],"subject":[12],"compressive":[14],"(impact":[15],"site)":[16,21],"and":[17,65,125],"tensile":[18],"(opposite":[19],"impact":[20,56,87,115,135],"forces;":[22],"this":[23],"causes":[24],"break":[27],"in":[28],"tension":[29,106],"before":[30],"compression,":[31],"producing":[32],"Y-shaped":[33],"patterns":[35],"with":[36,58,119],"breakaway":[37,51,89,111],"(butterfly)":[38],"fragments.":[39,90],"In":[40],"current":[41],"forensic":[42],"models,":[43],"the":[44,47,50,55,77,95,130,134,138,143,147],"side":[45,88,116],"bone":[48],"exhibiting":[49],"fragment":[52,112],"is":[53,137],"designated":[54],"side,":[57,98],"initial":[59],"breakage":[60],"occurring":[61],"opposite.":[62],"Fracture":[63],"patterning":[66],"impacts":[69],"255":[71],"sheep":[72],"femora":[73],"were":[74],"analyzed.":[75],"Contra":[76],"existing":[78],"model,":[79],"only":[80],"60%":[81],"complete":[83,124],"butterfly":[84,99,127,148],"fractures":[85,92],"exhibited":[86],"Although":[91],"initiated":[93],"on":[94,102,140],"tension,":[96],"nonimpact":[97],"fragments":[100],"formed":[101],"either":[103],"compression":[104],"or":[105],"sides.":[107],"Using":[108],"newly":[109],"defined":[110],"shape":[113],"criteria,":[114],"was":[117],"estimated":[118],"98%":[120],"accuracy":[121],"for":[122],"both":[123],"partial":[126],"fractures.":[128],"Furthermore,":[129],"results":[131],"suggest":[132],"that":[133],"site":[136],"located":[139],"one":[141],"Y-fracture's":[144],"arms,":[145],"not":[146],"fragment's":[149],"center,":[150],"as":[151],"previously":[152],"modeled.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
