{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106764549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.968","title":"A century of infrastructure service delivery","display_name":"A century of infrastructure service delivery","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106764549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.968","mag":"2106764549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.968","pdf_url":"https://sajs.co.za/article/download/9946/13562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27554591","display_name":"South African Journal of Science","issn_l":"0038-2353","issn":["0038-2353","1996-7489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jpps-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315356","host_organization_name":"Academy of Science of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315356"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Science of South Africa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://sajs.co.za/article/download/9946/13562","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008485703","display_name":"Kevin Wall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-7515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-7515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137126","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad6kn10","country_code":"GH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]}],"countries":["GH","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Wall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Built Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Built Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634","https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008485703"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634","https://openalex.org/I4210137126"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"107","issue":"11/12","first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13031","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering Research","score":0.5889000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13031","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering Research","score":0.5889000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14160","display_name":"Water management and technologies","score":0.12849999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.12479999661445618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-sanitation","display_name":"urban sanitation","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-supply","display_name":"water supply","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-supply","display_name":"electricity supply","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"telecommunications","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-infrastructure","display_name":"transport infrastructure","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-change","display_name":"social change","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cape-town","display_name":"Cape Town","score":0.36399999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.525201141834259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68595000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2274177","display_name":"Service delivery framework","level":3,"score":0.4421093165874481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4325445890426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3358718156814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3244740962982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2330668568611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.968","pdf_url":"https://sajs.co.za/article/download/9946/13562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27554591","display_name":"South African Journal of Science","issn_l":"0038-2353","issn":["0038-2353","1996-7489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jpps-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315356","host_organization_name":"Academy of Science of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315356"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Science of South Africa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:11ffcd656e1d4626badf91ac51a06564","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/11ffcd656e1d4626badf91ac51a06564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science, Vol 107, Iss 11/12 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3d1d607b790d42dfab9ec8fafa2c48ce","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3d1d607b790d42dfab9ec8fafa2c48ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science, Vol 107, Iss 11/12 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:66e420cb1deb47259446b968dc6afde6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/66e420cb1deb47259446b968dc6afde6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science, Vol 107, Iss 11/12 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a28d2bd74b4b437093c6244cacbdf912","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a28d2bd74b4b437093c6244cacbdf912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science, Vol 107, Iss 11/12 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae6dde1a8ac84b8b806ef5cabed21c1c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae6dde1a8ac84b8b806ef5cabed21c1c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science, Vol 107, Iss 11/12, Pp 3 pages-3 pages (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c78672e30a444b97b561af5bfb758c28","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c78672e30a444b97b561af5bfb758c28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science, Vol 107, Iss 11/12 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e1fc7261562d4c28bef7d25220f1b541","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e1fc7261562d4c28bef7d25220f1b541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science, Vol 107, Iss 11/12 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee9ceab996a94040b20a882a4212fd16","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee9ceab996a94040b20a882a4212fd16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science, Vol 107, Iss 11/12 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2993458574","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.co.za/content/sajsci/107/11-12/EJC97090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27554591","display_name":"South African Journal of Science","issn_l":"0038-2353","issn":["0038-2353","1996-7489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jpps-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315356","host_organization_name":"Academy of Science of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315356"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Science of South Africa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i11/12.968","pdf_url":"https://sajs.co.za/article/download/9946/13562","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27554591","display_name":"South African Journal of Science","issn_l":"0038-2353","issn":["0038-2353","1996-7489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jpps-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315356","host_organization_name":"Academy of Science of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315356"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Science of South Africa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.5142999887466431,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2106764549.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2106764549.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494629955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2993458574","https://openalex.org/W117801387","https://openalex.org/W4388079717","https://openalex.org/W7214070619","https://openalex.org/W2220192211","https://openalex.org/W2269383130","https://openalex.org/W2883413147","https://openalex.org/W6927141350","https://openalex.org/W2180403704","https://openalex.org/W2189112800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"century":[1],"thereafter":[2],"saw":[3,24],"huge":[4,25],"changes":[5],"take":[6,120],"place":[7],"in":[8,13,17,27,33,131,136,143,171,188,191,199,202,227,248],"our":[9,50,54,129],"nation":[10],"-in":[11],"politics,":[12],"social":[14],"norms,":[15],"and":[16,30,63,98,112],"every":[18],"other":[19],"sphere":[20],"of":[21,36,67,149,168,242],"life.It":[22],"also":[23],"change":[26],"infrastructure":[28,115],"engineering":[29,114],"science":[31],"-and":[32],"the":[34,58,81,84,96,110,113,144,147,150,158,175,182,192,213,215,228,239],"delivery":[35],"that":[37,91,116],"infrastructure.As":[38],"we":[39,48,92,107,117],"make":[40],"ourselves":[41],"'comfortable'":[42],"utilising":[43],"a":[44,61,71,75,103,137,140,165,179,189,200,209,220,234,246],"flush":[45,221],"toilet,":[46,222],"before":[47],"pocket":[49],"cellphones,":[51],"climb":[52],"into":[53],"cars,":[55],"switch":[56],"on":[57,70,95,109],"radio":[59],"or":[60],"CD,":[62],"head":[64],"through":[65],"sets":[66],"traffic":[68],"lights,":[69],"tarred":[72],"road":[73],"via":[74],"multi-level":[76],"interchange":[77],"giving":[78],"access":[79],"to":[80,83,86,128],"freeway":[82],"airport,":[85],"catch":[87],"an":[88],"aircraft":[89],"flight":[90],"had":[93,164,178,208,219,245],"booked":[94],"Internet":[97],"paid":[99],"for":[100,121],"electronically":[101],"with":[102,139],"credit":[104],"card,":[105],"do":[106],"reflect":[108],"technology":[111],"so":[118],"much":[119],"granted":[122],"-but":[123],"which":[124,207],"was":[125,225,231],"not":[126],"available":[127],"forebears":[130],"1910?My":[132],"father":[133],"grew":[134],"up":[135],"home":[138,163],"bucket":[141,235],"toilet":[142,236],"uithuisie":[145],"at":[146,212],"end":[148],"garden":[151],"-I":[152],"remember":[153],"him":[154],"telling":[155],"me":[156],"about":[157],"'night":[159],"soil'":[160],"cart.My":[161],"mother's":[162],"'long":[166],"drop'.Both":[167],"these":[169],"were":[170,253],"urban":[172],"areas,":[173],"by":[174,217,233],"way.Neither":[176],"family":[177,186],"bathroom":[180],"inside":[181],"house":[183,201,216],"-my":[184],"father's":[185],"bathed":[187],"tub":[190],"kitchen.I":[193],"myself":[194],"spent":[195],"my":[196,243],"earliest":[197],"years":[198],"Green":[203],"Point,":[204],"Cape":[205],"Town,":[206],"sanitary":[210,240],"lane":[211],"back.Whereas":[214],"then":[218],"when":[223],"it":[224,230],"built":[226],"1930s":[229],"served":[232],"system,":[237],"hence":[238],"lane.Neither":[241],"parents":[244],"telephone":[247],"their":[249],"homes":[250],"until":[251],"they":[252],"thirty-something.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}