{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106734747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00006","title":"Identification of Persons at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Do We Need the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test?","display_name":"Identification of Persons at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Do We Need the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test?","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106734747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00006","mag":"2106734747","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11955025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112807275","display_name":"Michael P. Stern M. D","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165951966","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02f6dcw23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165951966","https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael P. Stern","raw_affiliation_strings":["From University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas","Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110095682","display_name":"Ken Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165951966","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02f6dcw23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165951966","https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["From University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108086045","display_name":"Steven M. Haffner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165951966","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02f6dcw23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165951966","https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven M. Haffner","raw_affiliation_strings":["From University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.4284,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":506,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99351049,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"136","issue":"8","first_page":"575","last_page":"581"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-risk-prediction","display_name":"diabetes risk prediction","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-glucose-tolerance-test","display_name":"oral glucose tolerance test","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impaired-glucose-tolerance","display_name":"impaired glucose tolerance","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariable-prediction-models","display_name":"multivariable prediction models","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-incidence","display_name":"diabetes incidence","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mexican-americans","display_name":"Mexican Americans","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-hispanic-whites","display_name":"non-Hispanic whites","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-hour-plasma-glucose","display_name":"2-hour plasma glucose","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-prevention","display_name":"diabetes prevention","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9331904053688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.7185000777244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2087205","display_name":"Impaired glucose tolerance","level":4,"score":0.6986973285675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.6362396478652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76318530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16833590","display_name":"Area under the curve","level":2,"score":0.6117915511131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6109778881072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.5347453951835632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777185836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306264","display_name":"Impaired fasting glucose","level":5,"score":0.4943816661834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.4829558730125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780833929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501412","display_name":"Glucose tolerance test","level":4,"score":0.472293883562088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.4483736753463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41859176754951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3220837712287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.16949576139450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005951","descriptor_name":"Glucose Tolerance Test","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008055","descriptor_name":"Lipids","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013781","descriptor_name":"Texas","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11955025","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11955025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of internal medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1022.2296","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1022.2296","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://annals.org/data/Journals/AIM/20005/0000605-200204160-00006.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2079528733","display_name":"DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN MEXICO CITY","funder_award_id":"R01HL024799","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3864217321","display_name":"INCIDENCE OF DIABETES AND CVD IN MEXICAN AMERICANS","funder_award_id":"R01HL036820","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990603205","https://openalex.org/W1995974724","https://openalex.org/W2015057523","https://openalex.org/W2029626075","https://openalex.org/W2044454850","https://openalex.org/W2060001021","https://openalex.org/W2069139828","https://openalex.org/W2102150307","https://openalex.org/W2134293572","https://openalex.org/W2158822657","https://openalex.org/W2328176404","https://openalex.org/W2332951586","https://openalex.org/W2345903479","https://openalex.org/W3175417087","https://openalex.org/W4233562854","https://openalex.org/W4243841175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140804815","https://openalex.org/W2184981835","https://openalex.org/W7097375497","https://openalex.org/W2117654481","https://openalex.org/W4252530332","https://openalex.org/W2768354194","https://openalex.org/W2083987224","https://openalex.org/W2126995682","https://openalex.org/W2147775408","https://openalex.org/W2225114579"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1],"standard":[2],"method":[3],"of":[4,17,50,134,137,237],"identifying":[5,51,69],"persons":[6,53,70],"at":[7,71,95,215],"high":[8,72,216],"risk":[9,73,217],"for":[10,68,74,149,171,218],"type":[11,138],"2":[12,139],"diabetes":[13,38,75,94,219],"mellitus":[14,220],"involves":[15],"detection":[16],"impaired":[18],"glucose":[19,29,65,116,174,181,194,241,248],"tolerance,":[20],"which":[21],"requires":[22],"a":[23,150,184,226,238],"costly":[24],"and":[25,89,113,123,128,262],"inconvenient":[26],"2-hour":[27,114,173,193,239,247],"oral":[28,240],"tolerance":[30,66,182,242],"test.":[31,243],"Because":[32],"clinical":[33,156],"trials":[34],"have":[35],"indicated":[36],"that":[37],"is":[39],"preventable":[40],"by":[41,224,231],"using":[42,225],"behavioral":[43],"or":[44],"pharmacologic":[45],"interventions,":[46],"less":[47],"expensive":[48],"methods":[49],"high-risk":[52],"are":[54,62,221],"needed.":[55],"OBJECTIVE:":[56],"To":[57],"determine":[58],"whether":[59],"multivariable":[60,151,198],"models":[61],"superior":[63],"to":[64,196,211,250],"tests":[67],"mellitus.":[76],"DESIGN:":[77],"Prospective":[78],"cohort":[79],"study.":[80],"SETTING:":[81],"San":[82],"Antonio,":[83],"Texas.":[84],"PARTICIPANTS:":[85],"1791":[86],"Mexican":[87],"Americans":[88],"1112":[90],"non-Hispanic":[91],"whites":[92],"without":[93],"baseline":[96],"who":[97],"were":[98],"randomly":[99],"selected":[100],"from":[101,209],"census":[102],"tracts.":[103],"MEASUREMENTS:":[104],"Medical":[105],"history;":[106],"body":[107],"mass":[108],"index;":[109],"blood":[110],"pressure;":[111],"fasting":[112,118],"plasma":[115],"levels;":[117,127],"serum":[119],"total,":[120],"low-density":[121],"lipoprotein,":[122],"high-density":[124],"lipoprotein":[125],"cholesterol":[126],"triglyceride":[129],"level.":[130],"RESULTS:":[131],"For":[132],"prediction":[133,228],"7.5-year":[135],"incidence":[136],"diabetes,":[140],"the":[141,144,165,168,172,188,192,197,201,235,246,251,255],"area":[142,166,202],"under":[143,167,203],"receiver-operating":[145],"characteristic":[146],"(ROC)":[147],"curve":[148,170],"model":[152,199,229,252],"involving":[153],"readily":[154],"available":[155],"variables":[157],"was":[158],"significantly":[159],"(P":[160],"<":[161],"0.001)":[162],"greater":[163,260],"than":[164,230],"ROC":[169,205],"value":[175],"alone":[176],"(84.3%":[177],"vs.":[178],"77.5%).":[179],"Impaired":[180],"represents":[183],"single":[185],"point":[186],"on":[187,234],"latter":[189],"curve.":[190],"Adding":[191],"measurement":[195],"increased":[200],"its":[204],"curve,":[206],"but":[207],"only":[208],"84.3%":[210],"85.7%.":[212],"CONCLUSION:":[213],"Persons":[214],"better":[222],"identified":[223],"simple":[227],"relying":[232],"exclusively":[233],"results":[236],"Although":[244],"adding":[245],"variable":[249],"enhanced":[253],"prediction,":[254],"resulting":[256],"slight":[257],"improvement":[258],"entails":[259],"cost":[261],"inconvenience.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":33}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}