{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106696046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949502800605","title":"Phonetic Coding and Reading in College Students With and Without Learning Disabilities","display_name":"Phonetic Coding and Reading in College Students With and Without Learning Disabilities","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106696046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949502800605","mag":"2106696046","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7622966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/002221949502800605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949502800605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949502800605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26220619","display_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0022-2194","issn":["0022-2194","1469-0047","1538-4780","2047-6108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070590313","display_name":"Helen S. Apthorp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154264771","display_name":"Central Connecticut State University","ror":"https://ror.org/054gzqw08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154264771","https://openalex.org/I4210132746"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Helen S. Apthorp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helen S. Apthorp is an assistant professor of special education at Central Connecticut State University. Her research interests include individual differences and risk for language and reading problems. Address: Helen S. Apthorp, Department of Special Education, Central Connecticut State University, 1625 Stanley St., New Britain, CT 06050"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helen S. Apthorp is an assistant professor of special education at Central Connecticut State University. Her research interests include individual differences and risk for language and reading problems. Address: Helen S. Apthorp, Department of Special Education, Central Connecticut State University, 1625 Stanley St., New Britain, CT 06050","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154264771"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070590313"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154264771"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92643736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"6","first_page":"342","last_page":"352"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonetic-coding","display_name":"phonetic coding","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"reading","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-production","display_name":"speech production","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-aloud","display_name":"reading aloud","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonword-repetition","display_name":"non-word repetition","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-short-term-memory","display_name":"auditory short-term memory","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"vocabulary","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.7310000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780961231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369058","display_name":"Pseudoword","level":3,"score":0.9701378345489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8013161420822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.7061482667922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776141515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1274479","display_name":"Repetition (rhetorical device)","level":2,"score":0.6571773290634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6430655717849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15107229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860740","display_name":"Learning disability","level":2,"score":0.5280060768127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103879163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378697","display_name":"Mental age","level":3,"score":0.5243825316429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62737587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939179","display_name":"Vocabulary development","level":3,"score":0.48864299058914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506058694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132971","display_name":"Dyslexia","level":3,"score":0.46752452850341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.43814393877983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179226034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18599","display_name":"Short-term memory","level":4,"score":0.42315492033958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994444459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133500","display_name":"Verbal learning","level":3,"score":0.4179081618785858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.381908655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2244567573070526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.22196310758590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.2219415307044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.2083815038204193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.13503971695899963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010700","descriptor_name":"Phonetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013068","descriptor_name":"Speech Production Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/002221949502800605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949502800605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949502800605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26220619","display_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0022-2194","issn":["0022-2194","1469-0047","1538-4780","2047-6108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7622966","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7622966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of learning disabilities","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84170002","https://openalex.org/W94437771","https://openalex.org/W182309285","https://openalex.org/W203047546","https://openalex.org/W209619713","https://openalex.org/W413453724","https://openalex.org/W577133558","https://openalex.org/W807349129","https://openalex.org/W1756630782","https://openalex.org/W1832273457","https://openalex.org/W1965508252","https://openalex.org/W1976663244","https://openalex.org/W1985193913","https://openalex.org/W2008003744","https://openalex.org/W2009900196","https://openalex.org/W2009962332","https://openalex.org/W2024921063","https://openalex.org/W2027564448","https://openalex.org/W2030201979","https://openalex.org/W2034601115","https://openalex.org/W2035443931","https://openalex.org/W2045372538","https://openalex.org/W2056462607","https://openalex.org/W2056677206","https://openalex.org/W2063955277","https://openalex.org/W2068043159","https://openalex.org/W2069799175","https://openalex.org/W2072279858","https://openalex.org/W2076052043","https://openalex.org/W2112626691","https://openalex.org/W2112697742","https://openalex.org/W2128091892","https://openalex.org/W2128351412","https://openalex.org/W2145758929","https://openalex.org/W2149138325","https://openalex.org/W2727539140","https://openalex.org/W4231739648","https://openalex.org/W4234789436","https://openalex.org/W4255422023"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3114476086","https://openalex.org/W2149138325","https://openalex.org/W4415260403","https://openalex.org/W2045110993","https://openalex.org/W2108253688","https://openalex.org/W2102847102","https://openalex.org/W10459796","https://openalex.org/W1555665643","https://openalex.org/W7120505641","https://openalex.org/W7016028591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examined":[2],"whether":[3],"adult":[4],"speech":[5,99],"production":[6],"and":[7,17,41,51,73,78,89,110,135,160,164],"oral":[8,68],"reading":[9,165],"were":[10,39,43,46,53,59,83],"related":[11],"independent":[12],"of":[13,115,130,146,172],"auditory":[14],"short-term":[15],"memory":[16,70,109],"vocabulary.":[18,74,111],"Forty-four":[19],"university":[20],"students":[21,47,54],"served":[22],"as":[23,124,126],"subjects":[24,58],"for":[25,71,107,137,162],"the":[26,116,131],"study.":[27],"They":[28],"ranged":[29],"in":[30],"age":[31],"from":[32],"17":[33],"to":[34],"28":[35],"years":[36],"old;":[37],"26":[38],"men":[40],"18":[42],"women;":[44],"11":[45],"with":[48],"learning":[49,80],"disabilities":[50],"33":[52],"without":[55,79],"disabilities.":[56],"All":[57],"tested":[60],"individually":[61],"on":[62],"tasks":[63],"requiring":[64],"multisyllabic":[65],"pseudoword":[66,86],"repetition,":[67],"reading,":[69,90],"digits,":[72],"In":[75],"both":[76,108],"groups\u2014with":[77],"disabilities\u2014significant":[81],"correlations":[82,102],"found":[84],"between":[85,122],"repetition":[87],"accuracy":[88],"suggesting":[91],"that":[92],"poor":[93],"readers":[94],"also":[95],"have":[96],"more":[97],"inaccurate":[98],"production.":[100],"The":[101],"remained":[103],"significant":[104],"after":[105],"controlling":[106],"A":[112],"scatter":[113],"plot":[114],"speech-reading":[117],"relationship":[118],"showed":[119],"performance":[120],"overlap":[121],"groups,":[123],"well":[125],"within-group":[127],"heterogeneity.":[128],"Significance":[129],"findings":[132],"is":[133,142],"discussed,":[134],"issues":[136],"future":[138],"research":[139,155],"are":[140],"identified.":[141],"an":[143],"assistant":[144],"professor":[145],"special":[147],"education":[148],"at":[149],"Central":[150,175],"Connecticut":[151,176],"State":[152,177],"University.":[153],"Her":[154],"interests":[156],"include":[157],"individual":[158],"differences":[159],"risk":[161],"language":[163],"problems.":[166],"Address:":[167],"Helen":[168],"S.":[169],"Apthorp.":[170],"Department":[171],"Special":[173],"Education,":[174],"University,":[178],"1615":[179],"Stanley":[180],"St.,":[181],"New":[182],"Britain,":[183],"CT":[184],"06050.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
