{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106598537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2004.827465","title":"Nanostructured Surface Modification of Ceramic-Based Microelectrodes to Enhance Biocompatibility for a Direct Brain-Machine Interface","display_name":"Nanostructured Surface Modification of Ceramic-Based Microelectrodes to Enhance Biocompatibility for a Direct Brain-Machine Interface","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106598537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2004.827465","mag":"2106598537","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15188854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2004.827465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2004.827465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2004.827465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035522485","display_name":"Karen Anne Moxon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5790-097X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5790-097X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.A. Moxon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. kn57@drexel.edu","School of Biomed. Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. kn57@drexel.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomed. Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045783899","display_name":"Nader M. Kalkhoran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163472","display_name":"Spire Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02yyv4c82","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N.M. Kalkhoran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spire Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA","School of Biomed. Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spire Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomed. Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M. Markert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Markert","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075773767","display_name":"Marisa A. Sambito","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163472","display_name":"Spire Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02yyv4c82","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.A. Sambito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spire Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spire Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051216521","display_name":"Janice L. McKenzie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.L. McKenzie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J.T. Webster","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.T. Webster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8134,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":135,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.909852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"6","first_page":"881","last_page":"889"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porous-silicon","display_name":"porous silicon","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-computer-interface","display_name":"brain-computer interface","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biocompatibility","display_name":"biocompatibility","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-scar","display_name":"glial scar","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurite-outgrowth","display_name":"neurite outgrowth","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-neural-recording","display_name":"chronic neural recording","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film-microelectrodes","display_name":"thin-film microelectrodes","score":0.8050000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777230088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864426","display_name":"Biocompatibility","level":2,"score":0.8464871644973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111670793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16979465","display_name":"Microelectrode","level":3,"score":0.8259984254837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.705760657787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.6881780624389648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134132462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45621","display_name":"Ceramic","level":2,"score":0.544990599155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645993","display_name":"Surface modification","level":2,"score":0.5427653193473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5093718767166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.505233108997345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.434158593416214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197525751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431093","display_name":"Neuroprosthetics","level":2,"score":0.42615389823913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.2068479061126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.16957035660743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.16471737623214722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16342508792877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16089966893196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134514944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817136","display_name":"Wetting","level":2,"score":0.11820685863494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1070527732372284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54517805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7456118","display_name":"Sessile drop technique","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001253","descriptor_name":"Astrocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001253","descriptor_name":"Astrocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002448","descriptor_name":"Cell Adhesion","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002455","descriptor_name":"Cell Division","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002516","descriptor_name":"Ceramics","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012825","descriptor_name":"Silicon","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013499","descriptor_name":"Surface Properties","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016716","descriptor_name":"PC12 Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019544","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020318","descriptor_name":"Rats, Long-Evans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036103","descriptor_name":"Nanotechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036103","descriptor_name":"Nanotechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2004.827465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2004.827465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2004.827465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15188854","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15188854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6845826899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R43 NS41690-01A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G76164436","display_name":"Advanced Multi-channel Recording Electrodes","funder_award_id":"1r43ns041690-01a1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171076395","https://openalex.org/W1483156930","https://openalex.org/W1530645677","https://openalex.org/W1532576817","https://openalex.org/W1543237449","https://openalex.org/W1571461586","https://openalex.org/W1572798837","https://openalex.org/W1966132736","https://openalex.org/W1968682372","https://openalex.org/W1971668430","https://openalex.org/W1971746310","https://openalex.org/W1979653508","https://openalex.org/W1996051288","https://openalex.org/W1999201911","https://openalex.org/W1999661375","https://openalex.org/W2001791329","https://openalex.org/W2006289803","https://openalex.org/W2014015638","https://openalex.org/W2017372142","https://openalex.org/W2028196702","https://openalex.org/W2030275688","https://openalex.org/W2031876019","https://openalex.org/W2053552455","https://openalex.org/W2053600266","https://openalex.org/W2056461470","https://openalex.org/W2066600857","https://openalex.org/W2072151998","https://openalex.org/W2072827131","https://openalex.org/W2076082976","https://openalex.org/W2083285077","https://openalex.org/W2093839040","https://openalex.org/W2095504054","https://openalex.org/W2096005599","https://openalex.org/W2102331052","https://openalex.org/W2104623667","https://openalex.org/W2115352319","https://openalex.org/W2121376289","https://openalex.org/W2127874623","https://openalex.org/W2130060244","https://openalex.org/W2131587407","https://openalex.org/W2142255743","https://openalex.org/W2143287453","https://openalex.org/W2161457168","https://openalex.org/W2166107783","https://openalex.org/W2168893672","https://openalex.org/W2466317154","https://openalex.org/W2485971729","https://openalex.org/W4250113749","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6634385667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048475588","https://openalex.org/W3201580540","https://openalex.org/W2147009219","https://openalex.org/W2153457717","https://openalex.org/W2534592640","https://openalex.org/W2889166994","https://openalex.org/W2939235601","https://openalex.org/W2058666077","https://openalex.org/W3193685976","https://openalex.org/W4417306501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"different":[1],"types":[2],"of":[3,25,51,59,76,84,104,112,122,138,143,183,220,231],"microelectrodes":[4,200,233],"have":[5,88],"been":[6],"developed":[7,189],"for":[8,40,132],"use":[9],"as":[10],"a":[11,42,94,113,190],"direct":[12],"Brain-Machine":[13],"Interface":[14],"(BMI)":[15],"to":[16,57,66,68,118,153,180,192,196],"chronically":[17,184],"recording":[18,222],"single":[19],"neuron":[20],"action":[21],"potentials":[22],"from":[23,30,145],"ensembles":[24],"neurons.":[26],"Unfortunately,":[27],"the":[28,49,60,74,80,100,110,120,133,210,217,221,232],"recordings":[29,53],"these":[31,52,167],"microelectrode":[32,47],"devices":[33],"are":[34],"not":[35,55,215,226],"consistent":[36],"and":[37,140,201,224],"often":[38],"last":[39],"only":[41],"few":[43],"weeks.":[44],"For":[45],"most":[46,63],"types,":[48],"loss":[50],"is":[54],"due":[56,65],"failure":[58],"electrodes":[61],"but":[62],"likely":[64],"damage":[67],"surrounding":[69],"tissue":[70],"that":[71,90,172,209],"results":[72,168],"in":[73,204,234],"formation":[75],"nonconductive":[77],"glial-scar.":[78],"Since":[79],"extracellular":[81],"matrix":[82],"consists":[83],"nanostructured":[85],"microtubules,":[86],"we":[87],"postulated":[89],"neurons":[91],"may":[92,175],"prefer":[93],"more":[95,161],"complex":[96],"surface":[97,102,116,212],"structure":[98],"than":[99,163],"smooth":[101,154],"typical":[103],"thin-film":[105],"microelectrodes.":[106,186],"We,":[107],"therefore,":[108],"investigated":[109],"suitability":[111],"nano-porous":[114,158,173,194,211],"silicon":[115,150,155,174],"layer":[117],"increase":[119],"biocompatibility":[121,182],"our":[123,170],"thin":[124],"film":[125],"ceramic-insulated":[126],"multisite":[127],"electrodes.":[128],"In-vitro":[129],"testing":[130,207],"demonstrated,":[131],"first":[134],"time,":[135],"decreased":[136],"adhesion":[137],"astrocytes":[139],"increased":[141],"extension":[142],"neurites":[144],"pheochromocytoma":[146],"cells":[147],"on":[148],"porous":[149],"surfaces":[151,159,195],"compared":[152],"sufaces.":[156],"Moreover,":[157],"were":[160],"biocompatible":[162],"macroporous":[164],"surfaces.":[165],"Collectively,":[166],"support":[169],"hypothesis":[171],"be":[176],"an":[177],"ideal":[178],"material":[179],"improve":[181],"implanted":[185],"We":[187],"next":[188],"method":[191],"apply":[193],"ceramic":[197],"insulated,":[198],"thin-film,":[199],"tested":[202],"them":[203],"vivo.":[205,235],"Chronic":[206],"demonstrated":[208],"modification":[213],"did":[214,225],"alter":[216],"electrical":[218],"properties":[219],"sites":[223],"interfere":[227],"with":[228],"proper":[229],"functioning":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}