{"id":"https://openalex.org/W210656677","doi":null,"title":"Into the Black Box: Using Data Mining of In-Game Actions to Draw Inferences from Educational Technology about Students' Math Knowledge","display_name":"Into the Black Box: Using Data Mining of In-Game Actions to Draw Inferences from Educational Technology about Students' Math Knowledge","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W210656677","mag":"210656677"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt54c4z14h","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54c4z14h","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54c4z14h","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54c4z14h","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046455790","display_name":"Deirdre Kerr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-433X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-433X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deirdre Kerr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046455790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.8026999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.8026999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.1454000025987625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.04749999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-video-games","display_name":"educational video games","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-based-assessment","display_name":"game-based assessment","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"data mining","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clustering","display_name":"clustering","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-pattern-mining","display_name":"sequential pattern mining","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification","display_name":"classification","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-solution-strategies","display_name":"student solution strategies","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-errors","display_name":"mathematical errors","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-trajectories","display_name":"performance trajectories","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractions","display_name":"fractions","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-performance-prediction","display_name":"student performance prediction","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7436627745628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5884878039360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984404570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140363","display_name":"Educational game","level":2,"score":0.5790326595306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5175034999847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4791264235973358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4439026713371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.42511898279190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777598771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341279","display_name":"Educational data mining","level":2,"score":0.42471441626548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4087180495262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3814927339553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.1968260109424591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17861926555633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14467084407806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt54c4z14h","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54c4z14h","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54c4z14h","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},{"id":"mag:210656677","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt54c4z14h/qt54c4z14h.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306478302","display_name":"ProQuest LLC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ProQuest LLC eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt54c4z14h","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54c4z14h","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54c4z14h","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.975600004196167,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W210656677.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W210656677.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47501849","https://openalex.org/W54158220","https://openalex.org/W104095046","https://openalex.org/W109162458","https://openalex.org/W109702185","https://openalex.org/W135875410","https://openalex.org/W147041549","https://openalex.org/W160417348","https://openalex.org/W195533127","https://openalex.org/W321419491","https://openalex.org/W1482166629","https://openalex.org/W1501500081","https://openalex.org/W1515996775","https://openalex.org/W1530229763","https://openalex.org/W1537465095","https://openalex.org/W1542396290","https://openalex.org/W1551119738","https://openalex.org/W1569653074","https://openalex.org/W1574232395","https://openalex.org/W1579729047","https://openalex.org/W1581292574","https://openalex.org/W1589525026","https://openalex.org/W1592285968","https://openalex.org/W1596965827","https://openalex.org/W1599968280","https://openalex.org/W1601237795","https://openalex.org/W1604260339","https://openalex.org/W1607917991","https://openalex.org/W1641039719","https://openalex.org/W1899349966","https://openalex.org/W1909101797","https://openalex.org/W1933790387","https://openalex.org/W1965096100","https://openalex.org/W1968899925","https://openalex.org/W1983792174","https://openalex.org/W1985127787","https://openalex.org/W1985819756","https://openalex.org/W1986582838","https://openalex.org/W1987868810","https://openalex.org/W1992419399","https://openalex.org/W1999103817","https://openalex.org/W2002633322","https://openalex.org/W2003741877","https://openalex.org/W2007715514","https://openalex.org/W2008222325","https://openalex.org/W2008772174","https://openalex.org/W2008799189","https://openalex.org/W2011780313","https://openalex.org/W2017774301","https://openalex.org/W2019871229","https://openalex.org/W2032075895","https://openalex.org/W2033540643","https://openalex.org/W2035164277","https://openalex.org/W2040810017","https://openalex.org/W2047360901","https://openalex.org/W2047775557","https://openalex.org/W2049829621","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2060451910","https://openalex.org/W2060562616","https://openalex.org/W2066179152","https://openalex.org/W2071182165","https://openalex.org/W2075583962","https://openalex.org/W2082496641","https://openalex.org/W2083290663","https://openalex.org/W2083358276","https://openalex.org/W2095009309","https://openalex.org/W2098194949","https://openalex.org/W2099273059","https://openalex.org/W2100176599","https://openalex.org/W2103356100","https://openalex.org/W2108001745","https://openalex.org/W2108183197","https://openalex.org/W2112102478","https://openalex.org/W2114184575","https://openalex.org/W2116577120","https://openalex.org/W2118712447","https://openalex.org/W2118885876","https://openalex.org/W2120590922","https://openalex.org/W2122025961","https://openalex.org/W2126414813","https://openalex.org/W2128407432","https://openalex.org/W2128783070","https://openalex.org/W2128865759","https://openalex.org/W2129349724","https://openalex.org/W2130570540","https://openalex.org/W2131565876","https://openalex.org/W2134778201","https://openalex.org/W2139397945","https://openalex.org/W2139471083","https://openalex.org/W2139724152","https://openalex.org/W2142777385","https://openalex.org/W2144257187","https://openalex.org/W2145608475","https://openalex.org/W2145735501","https://openalex.org/W2147402878","https://openalex.org/W2149230623","https://openalex.org/W2154772196","https://openalex.org/W2156133811","https://openalex.org/W2157019309","https://openalex.org/W2157300384","https://openalex.org/W2163083471","https://openalex.org/W2166549815","https://openalex.org/W2167504123","https://openalex.org/W2168058142","https://openalex.org/W2171562468","https://openalex.org/W2257451327","https://openalex.org/W2317729827","https://openalex.org/W2331828868","https://openalex.org/W2345495256","https://openalex.org/W2394764826","https://openalex.org/W2469316984","https://openalex.org/W2488836358","https://openalex.org/W2491566340","https://openalex.org/W2613161123","https://openalex.org/W2725194253","https://openalex.org/W2733776888","https://openalex.org/W2781869293","https://openalex.org/W3045947794","https://openalex.org/W3158904737","https://openalex.org/W3193112869","https://openalex.org/W3193605223","https://openalex.org/W4252248660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2579320144","https://openalex.org/W2406158051","https://openalex.org/W1607917991","https://openalex.org/W2219101307","https://openalex.org/W2263327704","https://openalex.org/W2406609927","https://openalex.org/W2108291073","https://openalex.org/W3122539300","https://openalex.org/W2767068301","https://openalex.org/W4383820756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Educational":[0],"video":[1,52,110],"games":[2,53],"have":[3],"the":[4,18,21,30,43,48,95,115,140,158,187,197,203,216,224,227,236,244,262,265,273,276,284,295,303,317,331,356,371,376,381,391],"potential":[5],"to":[6,47,56,67,77,86,138,150,157,177,185,202,213,222,234,243,380],"be":[7,84],"used":[8,85,124,137,165,184,221],"as":[9,174,192,348,363],"assessments":[10],"of":[11,14,20,24,32,42,50,97,117,160,205,229,246,254,264,275,286,297,302,330,375,383,385],"student":[12,58,144,194,232],"understanding":[13],"complex":[15,25],"concepts.":[16],"However,":[17,373],"interpretation":[19,274],"rich":[22],"stream":[23],"data":[26,70,80,121,288,305,333],"that":[27,38,92,272,387],"results":[28,285],"from":[29,71,89,107,283,300,328],"tracking":[31],"in-game":[33],"actions":[34,142],"is":[35,40,62],"so":[36],"difficult":[37],"it":[39],"one":[41],"most":[44],"serious":[45],"blockades":[46],"use":[49,191],"educational":[51,109],"or":[54,252,316],"simulations":[55],"assess":[57],"understanding,":[59],"and":[60,133,166,169,268,323,340,358,397],"there":[61],"currently":[63],"no":[64],"systematic":[65],"approach":[66],"extracting":[68],"relevant":[69],"log":[72,90,101],"files.":[73],"This":[74,155,200,241],"study":[75,105,127],"attempts":[76,230],"determine":[78],"whether":[79,294],"mining":[81,122,182,289,306,334],"techniques":[82,123,307,335,378],"can":[83],"extract":[87],"information":[88,267,278],"files":[91,102],"allows":[93],"for":[94],"formation":[96],"testable":[98,281],"hypotheses.":[99],"The":[100,119,325],"in":[103,125,146,189,226,238,256,319,345,360,393],"this":[104,126],"come":[106],"an":[108],"game":[111,153,179,198],"teaching":[112],"students":[113,164,172,211,298,344,359,386],"about":[114],"identification":[116,159,204,245,382],"fractions.":[118],"three":[120,304,332,377],"were:":[128],"cluster":[129],"analysis,":[130],"sequence":[131],"mining,":[132],"classification.Cluster":[134],"analysis":[135],"was":[136,183,220,279],"examine":[139,186,223],"individual":[141],"each":[143,152,193,231,239,287,301,329],"took":[145,212],"a":[147],"given":[148],"attempt":[149],"solve":[151,178,235],"level.":[154],"led":[156,201,242,379],"valid":[161],"solution":[162],"strategies":[163],"mathematical":[167],"errors":[168,171],"game-related":[170],"made":[173],"they":[175],"tried":[176],"levels.":[180,199],"Sequence":[181],"change":[188,225,255],"strategy":[190,206],"moved":[195],"through":[196],"sequences":[207],"representing":[208,249,349,364],"different":[209],"paths":[210],"arrive":[214],"at":[215],"correct":[217],"solution.":[218],"Classification":[219],"number":[228],"required":[233],"levels":[237],"stage.":[240],"performance":[247,257,351,354,366,369],"trajectories":[248],"improvement,":[250],"decline,":[251],"lack":[253],"over":[258],"time.":[259],"To":[260],"demonstrate":[261],"usefulness":[263],"extracted":[266,277],"provide":[269],"initial":[270],"evidence":[271],"valid,":[280],"hypotheses":[282],"technique":[290],"were":[291],"generated":[292],"examining":[293],"grouping":[296],"resulting":[299,327],"differed":[308,336,388],"significantly":[309,337,389],"on":[310,338,355,370,390],"paper-and-pencil":[311],"pretest":[312,322,339,396],"scores,":[313,315,342],"posttest":[314,341],"gain":[318,392],"scores":[320,394],"between":[321,395],"posttest.":[324,398],"groups":[326,346,361,384],"with":[343],"interpreted":[347,362],"lower":[350,353],"demonstrating":[352,367],"tests":[357],"higher":[365,368],"tests.":[372],"none":[374]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}