{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106545541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.2.123.31014","title":"Heterogeneity in Social Networks: A Comparison of Different Models Linking Relationships to Psychological Outcomes","display_name":"Heterogeneity in Social Networks: A Comparison of Different Models Linking Relationships to Psychological Outcomes","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106545541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.2.123.31014","mag":"2106545541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1521/jscp.23.2.123.31014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.2.123.31014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.2.123.31014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164302473","display_name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","issn_l":"0736-7236","issn":["0736-7236","1943-2771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315796","host_organization_name":"Guilford Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Guilford Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112364166","display_name":"Bert N. Uchino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-6164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-6164"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bert N. Uchino","raw_affiliation_strings":["1. University of Utah","PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1. University of Utah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025668220","display_name":"Julianne Holt\u2010Lunstad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-0791","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-0791"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julianne Holt-Lunstad","raw_affiliation_strings":["2. Brigham Young University","Brigham Young Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2. Brigham Young University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham Young Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101853052","display_name":"Timothy W. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4017-3243","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4017-3243"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy W. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["3. University of Utah","University of Utah,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3. University of Utah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038756955","display_name":"Lindsey E. Bloor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lindsey Bloor","raw_affiliation_strings":["4. University of Utah","University of Utah,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4. University of Utah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2518,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":127,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91543045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"123","last_page":"139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10677","display_name":"Attachment and Relationship Dynamics","score":0.8984000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10677","display_name":"Attachment and Relationship Dynamics","score":0.8984000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.03720000013709068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.03669999912381172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-distress","display_name":"psychological distress","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/well-being","display_name":"well-being","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-relationships","display_name":"interpersonal relationships","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"mental health","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"conceptual framework","score":0.38100001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8370697498321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162127614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5928045","display_name":"Ambivalence","level":2,"score":0.8173006772994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.6175745725631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020031316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6817452","display_name":"Psychological distress","level":3,"score":0.5585668683052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7453019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16254302","display_name":"Negativity effect","level":2,"score":0.5244607925415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197253505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256391","display_name":"Psychological well-being","level":2,"score":0.4843917489051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142189719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1276633","display_name":"Interpersonal ties","level":2,"score":0.4757639765739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.45764416456222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.42590951919555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.42172810435295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.39776456356048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.350117564201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.2159768044948578}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1521/jscp.23.2.123.31014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.2.123.31014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.2.123.31014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164302473","display_name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","issn_l":"0736-7236","issn":["0736-7236","1943-2771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315796","host_organization_name":"Guilford Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Guilford Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192013423","https://openalex.org/W1560535222","https://openalex.org/W1919452209","https://openalex.org/W1967232400","https://openalex.org/W1967741051","https://openalex.org/W1990097370","https://openalex.org/W1990579903","https://openalex.org/W1993688323","https://openalex.org/W2000512602","https://openalex.org/W2003756859","https://openalex.org/W2005078721","https://openalex.org/W2044388966","https://openalex.org/W2055461003","https://openalex.org/W2057909815","https://openalex.org/W2066047381","https://openalex.org/W2067495470","https://openalex.org/W2073654928","https://openalex.org/W2074819053","https://openalex.org/W2079515533","https://openalex.org/W2082220860","https://openalex.org/W2082254163","https://openalex.org/W2089277620","https://openalex.org/W2091725396","https://openalex.org/W2105803209","https://openalex.org/W2140009571","https://openalex.org/W2159401492","https://openalex.org/W2329925658","https://openalex.org/W2553052137","https://openalex.org/W2947748474","https://openalex.org/W2949392115","https://openalex.org/W2967237118","https://openalex.org/W3124281538","https://openalex.org/W4211035711","https://openalex.org/W4234193547","https://openalex.org/W4239206999","https://openalex.org/W4249836231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096341179","https://openalex.org/W2156362071","https://openalex.org/W3086353680","https://openalex.org/W2997772550","https://openalex.org/W2766250653","https://openalex.org/W4392611922","https://openalex.org/W2234517572","https://openalex.org/W2951971861","https://openalex.org/W2730753087","https://openalex.org/W7165161211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"examined":[1],"the":[2,11,24,49,101,125],"utility":[3],"of":[4,51,59,70,78,86,120,127],"a":[5,43],"broad":[6],"conceptual":[7],"framework":[8,123],"that":[9,14,48],"highlights":[10],"natural":[12],"heterogeneity":[13],"exists":[15],"in":[16,31,37,106],"social":[17,107,128],"networks.":[18],"From":[19],"this":[20,121],"framework,":[21,96],"we":[22],"contrasted":[23],"positivity,":[25],"negativity,":[26],"outcome-specific,":[27],"and":[28,35,40,53,62,104,113,117,130],"ambivalence":[29],"models":[30],"predicting":[32],"psychological":[33,60,71,87,114],"distress":[34,61,72,88],"well-being":[36],"209":[38],"men":[39],"women":[41],"using":[42],"cross-sectional":[44],"design.":[45],"Results":[46],"revealed":[47],"numbers":[50],"supportive":[52,65],"aversive":[54,74,91],"ties":[55,66,80],"were":[56,67],"independent":[57,84],"predictors":[58,69],"well-being.":[63],"However,":[64],"stronger":[68],"than":[73],"ties.":[75,92],"The":[76],"number":[77],"ambivalent":[79],"was":[81],"also":[82],"an":[83],"predictor":[85],"compared":[89],"to":[90,98],"Consistent":[93],"with":[94],"our":[95],"failure":[97],"methodologically":[99],"separate":[100],"co-occurring":[102],"postivity":[103],"negativity":[105],"relationships":[108,112],"obscured":[109],"associations":[110],"between":[111],"outcomes.":[115],"Conceptual":[116],"methodological":[118],"implications":[119],"general":[122],"for":[124],"study":[126],"networks":[129],"mental":[131],"health":[132],"are":[133],"discussed.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}