{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106440871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.70.3.1505-1511.1996","title":"Replication and pathogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 accessory gene mutants in SCID-hu mice","display_name":"Replication and pathogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 accessory gene mutants in SCID-hu mice","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106440871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.70.3.1505-1511.1996","mag":"2106440871","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8627668","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/189971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/jvi.70.3.1505-1511.1996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.70.3.1505-1511.1996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.70.3.1505-1511.1996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96615428","display_name":"Journal of Virology","issn_l":"0022-538X","issn":["0022-538X","1070-6321","1098-5514"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/189971","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073718294","display_name":"Grace M. Aldrovandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-9637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-9637"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G M Aldrovandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072471885","display_name":"Jerome A. Zack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-8495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-8495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J A Zack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9660337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"3","first_page":"1505","last_page":"1511"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12159","display_name":"T-cell and Retrovirus Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1","display_name":"HIV-1","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accessory-genes","display_name":"accessory genes","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nef","display_name":"NEF","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vpr","display_name":"Vpr","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vpu","display_name":"Vpu","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vif","display_name":"Vif","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deletion-mutants","display_name":"deletion mutants","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-replication","display_name":"viral replication","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-pathogenicity","display_name":"viral pathogenicity","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-infectivity","display_name":"viral infectivity","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thymocyte-depletion","display_name":"thymocyte depletion","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scid-hu-mice","display_name":"SCID-hu mice","score":0.9639999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9216679334640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106358424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662346","display_name":"Infectivity","level":3,"score":0.9189566373825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.7095736861228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.6606582999229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.6350831985473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140704245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202","display_name":"Viral replication","level":3,"score":0.6335222721099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64502627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065","display_name":"Pathogenicity","level":2,"score":0.6141045093536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.5879003405570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81089528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134986","display_name":"clone (Java method)","level":3,"score":0.5263915061950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.48564282059669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.39914336800575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.2494402825832367}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086082","descriptor_name":"Viroporin Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004279","descriptor_name":"DNA, Viral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005814","descriptor_name":"Genes, Viral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014779","descriptor_name":"Virus Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015693","descriptor_name":"Gene Products, nef","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016336","descriptor_name":"Gene Products, vpr","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016346","descriptor_name":"Gene Products, vif","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016513","descriptor_name":"Mice, SCID","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017353","descriptor_name":"Gene Deletion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054298","descriptor_name":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054311","descriptor_name":"nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054320","descriptor_name":"vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054325","descriptor_name":"vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054334","descriptor_name":"Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/jvi.70.3.1505-1511.1996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.70.3.1505-1511.1996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.70.3.1505-1511.1996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96615428","display_name":"Journal of Virology","issn_l":"0022-538X","issn":["0022-538X","1070-6321","1098-5514"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:189971","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/189971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Virol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8627668","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8627668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of virology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.326.3795","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.326.3795","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jvi.asm.org/content/70/3/1505.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:189971","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/189971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Virol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G48119441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI-36059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7811902380","display_name":"UCLA Center for AIDS Research (CFAR)","funder_award_id":"P30AI028697","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480448067","https://openalex.org/W1520463726","https://openalex.org/W1546915777","https://openalex.org/W1546971287","https://openalex.org/W1555930389","https://openalex.org/W1585397042","https://openalex.org/W1596192963","https://openalex.org/W1738590766","https://openalex.org/W1796915314","https://openalex.org/W1807747199","https://openalex.org/W1911317520","https://openalex.org/W1913681141","https://openalex.org/W1925504181","https://openalex.org/W1926713595","https://openalex.org/W1942163038","https://openalex.org/W1966120231","https://openalex.org/W1967178181","https://openalex.org/W1971644910","https://openalex.org/W1976298092","https://openalex.org/W1983747887","https://openalex.org/W2001243226","https://openalex.org/W2002904708","https://openalex.org/W2009369926","https://openalex.org/W2010519150","https://openalex.org/W2014818809","https://openalex.org/W2018534819","https://openalex.org/W2019508559","https://openalex.org/W2021547009","https://openalex.org/W2031598762","https://openalex.org/W2032885873","https://openalex.org/W2051242500","https://openalex.org/W2054395379","https://openalex.org/W2055637669","https://openalex.org/W2062019922","https://openalex.org/W2062061307","https://openalex.org/W2072315783","https://openalex.org/W2077348914","https://openalex.org/W2098625990","https://openalex.org/W2122337613","https://openalex.org/W2123750058","https://openalex.org/W2130200446","https://openalex.org/W2130874555","https://openalex.org/W2132333091","https://openalex.org/W2134229904","https://openalex.org/W2143661142","https://openalex.org/W2152630682","https://openalex.org/W2154083433","https://openalex.org/W2156912242","https://openalex.org/W2163644060","https://openalex.org/W2164313015","https://openalex.org/W2169150485","https://openalex.org/W2170434135","https://openalex.org/W2171013248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021889176","https://openalex.org/W2097972344","https://openalex.org/W2612503426","https://openalex.org/W2164313015","https://openalex.org/W1520463726","https://openalex.org/W4321428183","https://openalex.org/W1520662317","https://openalex.org/W2102777952","https://openalex.org/W2010840723","https://openalex.org/W2096570932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,160],"functional":[1],"roles":[2],"of":[3,36,38,56,68,83,111,117,129,151,158,163],"the":[4,23,30,39,101,126,135],"human":[5],"immunodeficiency":[6],"virus":[7,152],"type":[8],"1":[9],"(HIV-1)":[10],"accessory":[11,50],"genes":[12,58,120,165],"(nef,":[13],"vpr,":[14],"vpu,":[15],"and":[16,34,65,79,93,113],"vif)":[17],"are":[18],"as":[19],"yet":[20],"unclear.":[21],"Using":[22],"SCID-hu":[24],"model":[25],"system,":[26,106],"we":[27],"have":[28],"examined":[29],"infectivity,":[31,77],"replicative":[32],"capacity,":[33],"pathogenicity":[35],"strains":[37,99],"molecular":[40],"clone":[41],"HIV-1NL4-3":[42],"that":[43,54],"contain":[44],"deletion":[45,55,82,116],"mutations":[46],"in":[47,104,167],"these":[48,57,118,164],"individual":[49,119],"genes.":[51],"We":[52],"determined":[53],"had":[59,70,87],"differential":[60],"effects":[61,95],"on":[62,75,91,96],"both":[63],"infectivity":[64,92,112],"pathogenicity.":[66,97,114],"Deletion":[67],"vpr":[69],"little":[71],"or":[72,85,153],"no":[73],"effect":[74,90],"viral":[76],"replication,":[78],"pathogenicity;":[80],"however,":[81],"vpu":[84],"vif":[86],"a":[88,180],"significant":[89],"moderate":[94],"nef-minus":[98],"were":[100,146],"most":[102],"attenuated":[103,121,182],"this":[105],"demonstrating":[107],"significantly":[108],"lower":[109],"levels":[110],"However,":[115],"but":[122],"did":[123],"not":[124],"abrogate":[125],"pathogenic":[127,169],"properties":[128],"HIV-1.":[130,185],"Mutant":[131],"viruses":[132],"still":[133],"retained":[134],"ability":[136],"to":[137,141,166],"induce":[138],"thymocyte":[139],"depletion":[140],"various":[142],"degrees":[143],"if":[144],"implants":[145],"infected":[147],"with":[148],"higher":[149],"doses":[150],"observed":[154],"for":[155,184],"longer":[156],"periods":[157],"time.":[159],"relative":[161],"contributions":[162],"vivo":[168],"potential":[170],"should":[171],"be":[172],"taken":[173],"into":[174],"consideration":[175],"when":[176],"one":[177],"is":[178],"contemplating":[179],"live":[181],"vaccine":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
