{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106399473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6696(197707)13:3<274::aid-jhbs2300130308>3.0.co;2-k","title":"World war I intelligence testing and the development of psychology","display_name":"World war I intelligence testing and the development of psychology","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106399473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6696(197707)13:3<274::aid-jhbs2300130308>3.0.co;2-k","mag":"2106399473","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/332765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/1520-6696(197707)13:3<274::aid-jhbs2300130308>3.0.co;2-k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6696(197707)13:3<274::aid-jhbs2300130308>3.0.co;2-k","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6696(197707)13:3<274::aid-jhbs2300130308>3.0.co;2-k","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143903698","display_name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"0022-5061","issn":["0022-5061","1520-6696"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068510958","display_name":"Franz Samelson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Franz Samelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Psychology at Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Psychology at Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068510958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95667244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"274","last_page":"282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14032","display_name":"History and International Relations","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-i","display_name":"World War I","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligence-testing","display_name":"intelligence testing","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-psychology","display_name":"military psychology","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-psychology","display_name":"history of psychology","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-testing","display_name":"psychological testing","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-efficiency","display_name":"military efficiency","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development-of-psychology-as-a-discipline","display_name":"development of psychology as a discipline","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776003135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333727","display_name":"Publicity","level":2,"score":0.8484957218170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5545284152030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.533562421798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.5267966389656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4239729046821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776289542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261215","display_name":"History of psychology","level":2,"score":0.4114159047603607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.38459789752960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3617856800556183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3363640606403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24613496661186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.17705771327018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.16125664114952087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D007361","descriptor_name":"Intelligence Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011592","descriptor_name":"Psychology, Military","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/1520-6696(197707)13:3<274::aid-jhbs2300130308>3.0.co;2-k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6696(197707)13:3<274::aid-jhbs2300130308>3.0.co;2-k","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6696(197707)13:3<274::aid-jhbs2300130308>3.0.co;2-k","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143903698","display_name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"0022-5061","issn":["0022-5061","1520-6696"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:332765","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/332765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495334831","https://openalex.org/W2912432750","https://openalex.org/W2056862786","https://openalex.org/W2006095586","https://openalex.org/W153809697","https://openalex.org/W1966189242","https://openalex.org/W4310032952","https://openalex.org/W4283261957","https://openalex.org/W1999377348","https://openalex.org/W2471012789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"participation":[1],"of":[2,13,38,44,57],"psychologists":[3,39],"in":[4],"World":[5],"War":[6],"I,":[7],"especially":[8],"through":[9],"the":[10,14,22,28,35,41,45,50,55],"mental":[11],"testing":[12],"Army,":[15,46],"brought":[16],"national":[17],"publicity":[18],"and":[19],"recognition":[20],"to":[21,33,40,65],"struggling":[23],"young":[24],"discipline.":[25],"But":[26],"while":[27],"war":[29],"had":[30],"contributed":[31],"significantly":[32],"psychology,":[34],"practical":[36],"contributions":[37],"fighting":[42],"efficiency":[43],"as":[47,49],"well":[48],"scientific":[51],"results":[52],"emerging":[53],"from":[54],"mountain":[56],"test":[58],"data,":[59],"turn":[60],"out":[61],"on":[62],"closer":[63],"examination":[64],"be":[66],"rather":[67],"equivocal.":[68]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}