{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106301704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1687347","title":"Book-to-Market Equity, Financial Leverage and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns","display_name":"Book-to-Market Equity, Financial Leverage and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106301704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1687347","mag":"2106301704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1687347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1687347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1687347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1687347","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090721106","display_name":"Iulian Obreja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-7639","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-7639"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313313744","display_name":"United States Securities and Exchange Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/01xqwbk25","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313313744"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iulian Obreja","raw_affiliation_strings":["SEC, 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549-1105, United States","University of Colorado \u2010 Boulder"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SEC, 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549-1105, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313313744"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado \u2010 Boulder","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090721106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313313744","https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.02019999921321869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12123","display_name":"Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-section-of-stock-returns","display_name":"cross-section of stock returns","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-irreversibility","display_name":"irreversible investment","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity-risk","display_name":"equity risk","score":0.6320000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.6842349767684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5249812006950378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.5193356275558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5085009336471558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.4787149429321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.4336654841899872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780299701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475000","display_name":"Stock market","level":3,"score":0.4116226136684418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3949926495552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.33384546637535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07482290267944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06734755635261536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1687347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1687347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1687347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1687347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1687347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1687347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79306369","https://openalex.org/W1503735399","https://openalex.org/W1536779365","https://openalex.org/W1554018098","https://openalex.org/W1629883981","https://openalex.org/W1967872601","https://openalex.org/W1989387771","https://openalex.org/W1991293146","https://openalex.org/W1992700566","https://openalex.org/W2000578291","https://openalex.org/W2010997253","https://openalex.org/W2037841399","https://openalex.org/W2053384171","https://openalex.org/W2056674732","https://openalex.org/W2076057077","https://openalex.org/W2079995925","https://openalex.org/W2084310832","https://openalex.org/W2085189944","https://openalex.org/W2086213495","https://openalex.org/W2098405501","https://openalex.org/W2112315720","https://openalex.org/W2116277545","https://openalex.org/W2130118251","https://openalex.org/W2134807435","https://openalex.org/W2141833870","https://openalex.org/W2143521026","https://openalex.org/W2146188630","https://openalex.org/W2146207816","https://openalex.org/W2149170345","https://openalex.org/W2152216902","https://openalex.org/W2157749655","https://openalex.org/W2163683534","https://openalex.org/W2166215547","https://openalex.org/W2167188367","https://openalex.org/W2170171735","https://openalex.org/W2280131726","https://openalex.org/W2890507387","https://openalex.org/W2891159187","https://openalex.org/W2891651322","https://openalex.org/W2891659561","https://openalex.org/W2893941034","https://openalex.org/W3121470524","https://openalex.org/W3121500857","https://openalex.org/W3121714890","https://openalex.org/W3122589234","https://openalex.org/W3122639747","https://openalex.org/W3122649028","https://openalex.org/W3124284666","https://openalex.org/W3124823032","https://openalex.org/W3125346872","https://openalex.org/W3125649736","https://openalex.org/W3125707959","https://openalex.org/W3126076569","https://openalex.org/W3128588251","https://openalex.org/W4231277341","https://openalex.org/W4231808832","https://openalex.org/W4240385408","https://openalex.org/W6674502421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2189411013","https://openalex.org/W2097410432","https://openalex.org/W7095449004","https://openalex.org/W1254624339","https://openalex.org/W3123161569","https://openalex.org/W7100402443","https://openalex.org/W2418823964","https://openalex.org/W4401552189","https://openalex.org/W1754765930","https://openalex.org/W2090146167"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
