{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106288134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300017773","title":"Responsibility, Retribution and the \u201cVoluntary\u201d: a Response to Williams","display_name":"Responsibility, Retribution and the \u201cVoluntary\u201d: a Response to Williams","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106288134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300017773","mag":"2106288134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0008197300017773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300017773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300017773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206866588","display_name":"The Cambridge Law Journal","issn_l":"0008-1973","issn":["0008-1973","1469-2139"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Cambridge Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110326205","display_name":"Antony Duff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antony Duff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academics (Law)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academics (Law)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112196442","display_name":"Andrew von Hirsch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Von Hirsch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35764112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"1","first_page":"103","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.5659000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.5659000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.2054000049829483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.11800000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-responsibility","display_name":"moral responsibility","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voluntary-action","display_name":"voluntary action","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retribution","display_name":"retribution","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-sanctions","display_name":"criminal sanctions","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-freedom","display_name":"political freedom","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-l-a-hart","display_name":"H.L.A. Hart","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intentional-wrongdoing","display_name":"intentional wrongdoing","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterrence","display_name":"deterrence","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/justification-of-punishment","display_name":"justification of punishment","score":0.6589999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110928126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519270","display_name":"Retributive justice","level":3,"score":0.8210466504096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7898365259170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111476811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5190255","display_name":"Moral responsibility","level":2,"score":0.6706305742263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780982575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332142","display_name":"Deterrence (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6448270082473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5602371692657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5396080613136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5204505920410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4668930768966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4556681215763092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.43637457489967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4265732765197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.420958936214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777188754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140822","display_name":"Coercion (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41331759095191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3543927073478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3334890305995941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3264366388320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3258037269115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.3013700842857361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28656721115112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.26101845502853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.16358214616775513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0008197300017773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300017773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300017773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206866588","display_name":"The Cambridge Law Journal","issn_l":"0008-1973","issn":["0008-1973","1469-2139"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Cambridge Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489372415","https://openalex.org/W1567183448","https://openalex.org/W1985738119","https://openalex.org/W2020772820","https://openalex.org/W2041607960","https://openalex.org/W2074687777","https://openalex.org/W2162584304","https://openalex.org/W2736049322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7057033644","https://openalex.org/W3207690942","https://openalex.org/W4388364678","https://openalex.org/W985943480","https://openalex.org/W7005575939","https://openalex.org/W764786742","https://openalex.org/W2164118741","https://openalex.org/W3092765840","https://openalex.org/W7135181169","https://openalex.org/W2494204471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13],"conception":[1,45,80,99],"of":[2,34,56,62,81,89,113,147],"moral":[3,82,142],"responsibility,":[4],"as":[5,15,24,161],"Williams":[6,130],"describes":[7],"it,":[8],"focuses":[9],"on":[10,144],"the":[11,54,60,79,110,139,145,164],"\u201cvoluntary\u201d.":[12],"voluntary,":[14],"applied":[16,176],"to":[17,20,42,50,74,155,177],"action,":[18],"is":[19,72,92],"be":[21,67,75,123,153,175],"defined":[22],"roughly":[23],"\u201cA":[25],"does":[26,100],"X":[27],"intentionally":[28],"and":[29],"in":[30,53,137],"a":[31],"normal":[32],"state":[33],"mind\u201c.":[35],"We":[36],"have,":[37],"he":[38],"argues,":[39],"good":[40],"reason":[41,71],"use":[43,51],"this":[44,70,98],"for":[46,59,126,141],"certain":[47],"purposes\u2014in":[48],"particular,":[49],"it":[52],"context":[55],"criminal":[57],"punishment":[58,91,114],"purpose":[61],"determining":[63],"who":[64],"justifiably":[65],"may":[66],"punished.":[68],"However,":[69],"not":[73,101],"found":[76],"either":[77],"within":[78,86],"responsibility":[83,143],"itself,":[84],"or":[85,93,103,118],"an":[87],"understanding":[88],"what":[90],"should":[94,133],"do:":[95],"that":[96,121],"is,":[97],"guarantee":[102],"require":[104,120],"its":[105],"own":[106],"application;":[107],"nor":[108],"do":[109],"familiar":[111],"accounts":[112],"(as,":[115],"e.g.,":[116],"deterrence":[117],"retribution)":[119],"punishments":[122,173],"imposed":[124],"only":[125,179],"voluntary":[127,181],"wrongdoings.":[128],"Rather,":[129],"asserts,":[131],"we":[132],"follow":[134],"H.L.A.":[135],"Hart":[136],"founding":[138],"argument":[140],"value":[146],"political":[148],"freedom:":[149],"if":[150],"citizens":[151],"\u201cshould":[152,174],"able":[154],"conduct":[156],"their":[157],"affairs":[158],"so":[159],"far":[160],"possible":[162],"without":[163],"state's":[165],"power":[166],"being":[167],"unpredictably":[168],"directed":[169],"against":[170],"them\u201d,":[171],"then":[172],"[and":[178],"to]":[180],"agents\u201d.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
