{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105933157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/019263650508964505","title":"Within the Accountability Era: Principals' Instructional Leadership Behaviors and Student Achievement","display_name":"Within the Accountability Era: Principals' Instructional Leadership Behaviors and Student Achievement","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105933157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/019263650508964505","mag":"2105933157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/019263650508964505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/019263650508964505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/019263650508964505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104206441","display_name":"NASSP Bulletin","issn_l":"0192-6365","issn":["0192-6365","1930-1405","2471-3317","2471-3325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NASSP Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054955065","display_name":"Robert J. O'Donnell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. O'Donnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hempfield School District, Lancaster, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hempfield School District, Lancaster, PA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105595623","display_name":"George P. White","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George P. White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehigh University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehigh University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054955065"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.2063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":240,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99149894,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"89","issue":"645","first_page":"56","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13884","display_name":"Educational Leadership and Practices","score":0.5224999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13884","display_name":"Educational Leadership and Practices","score":0.5224999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12952","display_name":"School Leadership and Teacher Performance","score":0.4602000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10008","display_name":"Teacher Education and Leadership Studies","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-leadership","display_name":"instructional leadership","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-principals","display_name":"school principals","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-accountability","display_name":"school accountability","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-socioeconomic-status","display_name":"school socioeconomic status","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-atmosphere","display_name":"learning climate","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-mission","display_name":"school mission","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-achievement","display_name":"reading achievement","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/junior-high-school","display_name":"junior high school","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-perceptions-of-principals","display_name":"teacher perceptions of principals","score":0.781000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986206625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18185","display_name":"Student achievement","level":3,"score":0.7158016562461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6798285245895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339345","display_name":"Instructional leadership","level":3,"score":0.6556105613708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.6544440984725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6401333808898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.6225135922431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6133527755737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.6004407405853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81369262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6165531","display_name":"Achievement test","level":3,"score":0.525592565536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5248772501945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4710008203983307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4517417252063751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.44714978337287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111366508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341291","display_name":"Educational leadership","level":2,"score":0.42759278416633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777795507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17052608","display_name":"Effective schools","level":2,"score":0.4112381041049957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3597146272659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.3372753858566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1679556965827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1000065803527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/019263650508964505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/019263650508964505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/019263650508964505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104206441","display_name":"NASSP Bulletin","issn_l":"0192-6365","issn":["0192-6365","1930-1405","2471-3317","2471-3325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NASSP Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.975600004196167,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27354349","https://openalex.org/W34776558","https://openalex.org/W54539744","https://openalex.org/W73705815","https://openalex.org/W79905518","https://openalex.org/W154285847","https://openalex.org/W158793331","https://openalex.org/W187280663","https://openalex.org/W229516020","https://openalex.org/W304406779","https://openalex.org/W1512343418","https://openalex.org/W1536573182","https://openalex.org/W1699434614","https://openalex.org/W1985447481","https://openalex.org/W1987767320","https://openalex.org/W1998111327","https://openalex.org/W2023188644","https://openalex.org/W2029367549","https://openalex.org/W2052158185","https://openalex.org/W2055131520","https://openalex.org/W2060539506","https://openalex.org/W2072476569","https://openalex.org/W2073895501","https://openalex.org/W2098502997","https://openalex.org/W2099363574","https://openalex.org/W2125680459","https://openalex.org/W2162529624","https://openalex.org/W2168643780","https://openalex.org/W2288572692","https://openalex.org/W2590474382","https://openalex.org/W2994267939","https://openalex.org/W4229561758","https://openalex.org/W4233619778","https://openalex.org/W4235187224","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300792831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W195737141","https://openalex.org/W2888859832","https://openalex.org/W2336672799","https://openalex.org/W2594512385","https://openalex.org/W2183397678","https://openalex.org/W2060539506","https://openalex.org/W2799691605","https://openalex.org/W283780599","https://openalex.org/W1560351382","https://openalex.org/W2254420539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Researchers":[0],"randomly":[1],"selected":[2],"Pennsylvania":[3,74],"public":[4],"middle":[5],"level":[6],"schools":[7,104],"to":[8,42,123],"identify":[9],"significant":[10],"relationships":[11],"between":[12],"principals'":[13],"instructional":[14],"leadership":[15],"behaviors":[16,55,86,113],"and":[17,37],"student":[18,98],"achievement,":[19],"with":[20,105,115],"school":[21,90],"socioeconomic":[22],"status":[23],"(SES)":[24],"as":[25,95],"a":[26],"secondary":[27],"variable":[28],"of":[29,76,84,97,103],"interest.":[30],"For":[31],"each":[32],"participant":[33],"school,":[34],"four":[35],"teachers":[36],"the":[38,61,73],"principal":[39,85],"were":[40,93],"asked":[41],"complete":[43],"Hallinger's":[44],"(1987)":[45],"Principal":[46],"Instructional":[47],"Management":[48],"Rating":[49],"Scale.":[50],"This":[51],"instrument":[52],"includes":[53,68],"50":[54],"that":[56,81],"have":[57],"been":[58],"identified":[59,94],"by":[60],"research":[62],"on":[63,88],"effective":[64],"schools.":[65],"Data":[66],"analysis":[67],"achievement":[69],"test":[70],"data":[71],"from":[72],"System":[75],"School":[77],"Assessment.":[78],"Findings":[79],"indicate":[80],"teacher":[82],"perceptions":[83],"focused":[87],"improving":[89],"learning":[91],"climate":[92],"predictors":[96],"achievement.":[99,126],"In":[100],"addition,":[101],"principals":[102],"high":[106],"SES":[107],"who":[108],"believe":[109],"they":[110],"frequently":[111],"exhibit":[112],"associated":[114],"defining":[116],"their":[117],"schools'":[118],"respective":[119],"missions":[120],"are":[121],"related":[122],"higher":[124],"reading":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}