{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105863045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp016","title":"Patterns of Diversity in HIV-Related Loci among Subspecies of Chimpanzee: Concordance at CCR5 and Differences at CXCR4 and CX3CR1","display_name":"Patterns of Diversity in HIV-Related Loci among Subspecies of Chimpanzee: Concordance at CCR5 and Differences at CXCR4 and CX3CR1","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105863045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp016","mag":"2105863045","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19182224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/molbev/msp016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp016","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/26/4/719/13642225/msp016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57552105","display_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","issn_l":"0737-4038","issn":["0737-4038","1537-1719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/26/4/719/13642225/msp016.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010367706","display_name":"Tammie S. MacFie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T.S. MacFie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011479029","display_name":"Eric Nerrienet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114134","display_name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun","ror":"https://ror.org/0259hk390","country_code":"CM","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114134"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Nerrienet","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2020 Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020 Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052566235","display_name":"Natasja G. de Groot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6699-9345","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6699-9345"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802500869","display_name":"Biomedical Primate Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02ahxbh87","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802500869"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N.G. de Groot","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2021 Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021 Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802500869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010537554","display_name":"Ronald E. Bontrop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-6467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-6467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802500869","display_name":"Biomedical Primate Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02ahxbh87","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802500869"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.E. Bontrop","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2021 Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021 Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802500869"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039088285","display_name":"Nicholas I. Mundy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-1517","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-1517"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N.I. Mundy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010367706"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":{"value":3418,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3418},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9009,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70552839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"719","last_page":"727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.5967000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.5967000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.2062000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.1378999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chimpanzees","display_name":"chimpanzees","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ccr5","display_name":"CCR5","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cxcr4","display_name":"CXCR4","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cx3cr1","display_name":"CX3CR1","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemokine-receptors","display_name":"chemokine receptors","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1","display_name":"HIV-1","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simian-immunodeficiency-virus","display_name":"simian immunodeficiency virus","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoonotic-transmission","display_name":"zoonotic transmission","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selective-sweeps","display_name":"selective sweeps","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-selection","display_name":"directional selection","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-expansion","display_name":"demographic expansion","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-diversity","display_name":"genetic diversity","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-resistance","display_name":"disease resistance","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pan-troglodytes-troglodytes","display_name":"Pan troglodytes troglodytes","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8950963020324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17966761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68947","display_name":"Subspecies","level":2,"score":0.857323408126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3888717","display_name":"Troglodytes","level":2,"score":0.720215916633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.5857448577880859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84597430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106227","display_name":"Locus (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4888750910758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81977670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259","display_name":"Genetic diversity","level":3,"score":0.47927185893058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4702431261539459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777995582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1890246","display_name":"Simian immunodeficiency virus","level":3,"score":0.4700191020965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.41939133405685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.3186756372451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.300231009721756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.2880028486251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.18925142288208008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002679","descriptor_name":"Pan troglodytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002679","descriptor_name":"Pan troglodytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019707","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Chemokine","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019713","descriptor_name":"Receptors, CCR5","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019718","descriptor_name":"Receptors, CXCR4","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/molbev/msp016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp016","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/26/4/719/13642225/msp016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57552105","display_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","issn_l":"0737-4038","issn":["0737-4038","1537-1719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19182224","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19182224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular biology and evolution","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/molbev/msp016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp016","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/26/4/719/13642225/msp016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57552105","display_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","issn_l":"0737-4038","issn":["0737-4038","1537-1719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","display_name":"Leverhulme Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/012mzw131"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2105863045.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2105863045.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82820957","https://openalex.org/W1506969536","https://openalex.org/W1564811180","https://openalex.org/W1966748196","https://openalex.org/W1973945821","https://openalex.org/W1977998462","https://openalex.org/W1981644527","https://openalex.org/W1983415637","https://openalex.org/W1984999127","https://openalex.org/W1986296710","https://openalex.org/W1987577479","https://openalex.org/W1990981237","https://openalex.org/W2000131964","https://openalex.org/W2001806320","https://openalex.org/W2004045952","https://openalex.org/W2006315204","https://openalex.org/W2012176233","https://openalex.org/W2026444780","https://openalex.org/W2030482575","https://openalex.org/W2031082289","https://openalex.org/W2031162756","https://openalex.org/W2040670772","https://openalex.org/W2044549799","https://openalex.org/W2054309241","https://openalex.org/W2055421491","https://openalex.org/W2055574416","https://openalex.org/W2056975223","https://openalex.org/W2060727919","https://openalex.org/W2065299019","https://openalex.org/W2067007779","https://openalex.org/W2067370872","https://openalex.org/W2068233660","https://openalex.org/W2075817888","https://openalex.org/W2080032368","https://openalex.org/W2096420865","https://openalex.org/W2100444509","https://openalex.org/W2106513047","https://openalex.org/W2106915606","https://openalex.org/W2110755408","https://openalex.org/W2113509253","https://openalex.org/W2117212042","https://openalex.org/W2119711732","https://openalex.org/W2122502828","https://openalex.org/W2124846613","https://openalex.org/W2128720756","https://openalex.org/W2137545654","https://openalex.org/W2139778720","https://openalex.org/W2140665904","https://openalex.org/W2140784970","https://openalex.org/W2142307660","https://openalex.org/W2143746087","https://openalex.org/W2145557962","https://openalex.org/W2145856615","https://openalex.org/W2147512361","https://openalex.org/W2149730509","https://openalex.org/W2152147412","https://openalex.org/W2154963941","https://openalex.org/W2155125395","https://openalex.org/W2172897108","https://openalex.org/W2916516961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119711732","https://openalex.org/W1990981237","https://openalex.org/W2047622929","https://openalex.org/W2989765378","https://openalex.org/W2121418202","https://openalex.org/W2154963941","https://openalex.org/W2143917410","https://openalex.org/W2068233660","https://openalex.org/W2084736265","https://openalex.org/W2019613481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"immunodeficiency":[1,14],"virus":[2],"type":[3],"1":[4],"(HIV-1)":[5],"arose":[6],"in":[7,44,60,70,94,102,195],"humans":[8,71],"via":[9],"zoonotic":[10],"transmissions":[11],"of":[12,26,51,67,87,89,116,137,189],"simian":[13],"viruses":[15,29],"(SIV(cpz))":[16],"from":[17],"common":[18],"chimpanzees,":[19,45],"Pan":[20,172],"troglodytes.":[21],"Despite":[22],"the":[23,27,52,83,106,114,120,182,190],"close":[24],"relatedness":[25],"two":[28],"and":[30,46,85,112,155,166,175],"their":[31],"hosts,":[32],"we":[33,97],"do":[34],"not":[35],"yet":[36],"understand":[37],"what":[38],"causes":[39],"SIV(cpz)":[40],"to":[41,48,57,110,133],"be":[42,49],"nonpathogenic":[43],"HIV/AIDS":[47],"one":[50],"most":[53,88,183],"devastating":[54],"infectious":[55],"diseases":[56],"have":[58,63,149],"emerged":[59],"humans.":[61],"There":[62],"been":[64],"a":[65,134,142],"number":[66],"genes":[68,93],"identified":[69],"that":[72,99,113,141],"confer":[73],"disease":[74],"resistance/susceptibility":[75],"toward":[76],"HIV-1,":[77,111],"but":[78],"little":[79],"is":[80,131],"known":[81],"about":[82],"evolution":[84],"diversity":[86,128,154],"these":[90],"chemokine":[91],"receptor":[92],"chimpanzees.":[95],"Here":[96],"show":[98],"genetic":[100],"variation":[101,117],"chimpanzees":[103],"differs":[104,118],"across":[105],"various":[107],"loci":[108,197],"related":[109],"pattern":[115],"among":[119,162,198],"chimpanzee":[121,199],"subspecies.":[122,200],"For":[123],"all":[124],"three":[125],"subspecies,":[126],"low":[127],"at":[129,145,164],"CCR5":[130],"confined":[132],"small":[135],"area":[136],"chromosome":[138],"3,":[139],"suggesting":[140],"selective":[143],"sweep":[144],"this":[146],"locus":[147],"may":[148],"predated":[150],"subspeciation.":[151],"In":[152],"contrast,":[153],"neutrality":[156],"tests":[157],"suggest":[158],"differing":[159],"evolutionary":[160],"forces":[161],"subspecies":[163],"CXCR4":[165],"CX(3)CR1,":[167],"with":[168],"directional":[169],"selection":[170],"(in":[171],"troglodytes":[173,179],"vellerosus)":[174],"demographic":[176],"expansion":[177],"(Pan":[178],"troglodytes)":[180],"offering":[181],"likely":[184],"scenarios.":[185],"These":[186],"are":[187],"some":[188],"first":[191],"data":[192],"demonstrating":[193],"differentiation":[194],"functional":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
