{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105680366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr072","title":"Religion as Reassurance? Testing the Insecurity Theory in 26 European Countries","display_name":"Religion as Reassurance? Testing the Insecurity Theory in 26 European Countries","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105680366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr072","mag":"2105680366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/esr/jcr072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159327246","display_name":"European Sociological Review","issn_l":"0266-7215","issn":["0266-7215","1468-2672"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Sociological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066130998","display_name":"Tim Immerzeel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-5149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-5149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Immerzeel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023426397","display_name":"Frank van Tubergen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6415-2877","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6415-2877"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank van Tubergen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023426397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"apc_list":{"value":4710,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5323},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8447,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":191,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9814967,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"359","last_page":"372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11507","display_name":"Religion and Society Interactions","score":0.8935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11507","display_name":"Religion and Society Interactions","score":0.8935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10509","display_name":"Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology","score":0.0949999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13336","display_name":"Religious Freedom and Discrimination","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religiosity","display_name":"religiosity","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/church-attendance","display_name":"church attendance","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjective-religiosity","display_name":"subjective religiosity","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-insecurity","display_name":"economic insecurity","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/existential-insecurity","display_name":"existential insecurity","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-insecurity","display_name":"job insecurity","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-unemployment","display_name":"parental unemployment","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-experience","display_name":"war experience","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/widowhood","display_name":"widowhood","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-spending","display_name":"social spending","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-variation","display_name":"cross-national variation","score":0.7680000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5287071466445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.45776253938674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.4382888078689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3915822505950928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/esr/jcr072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159327246","display_name":"European Sociological Review","issn_l":"0266-7215","issn":["0266-7215","1468-2672"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Sociological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/17fff56b-e1c4-44c9-a248-83d541dafad0","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/17fff56b-e1c4-44c9-a248-83d541dafad0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immerzeel, T & van Tubergen, F 2013, 'Religion as reassurance? Testing the insecurity theory in 26 European countries', European Sociological Review, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 359-372. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr072","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.942.8780","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.942.8780","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://esr.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/2/359.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:eursoj:jcr072v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://esr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/jcr072v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"},{"id":"pmh:vu:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/17fff56b-e1c4-44c9-a248-83d541dafad0","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/17fff56b-e1c4-44c9-a248-83d541dafad0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Sociological Review, 29(3), 359 - 372. Unesco &amp; Oxford University Press","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7099999785423279}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512793607","https://openalex.org/W1520617657","https://openalex.org/W1592263067","https://openalex.org/W1605491412","https://openalex.org/W1606908014","https://openalex.org/W1895240476","https://openalex.org/W2001377016","https://openalex.org/W2023754581","https://openalex.org/W2027972582","https://openalex.org/W2059641741","https://openalex.org/W2073306802","https://openalex.org/W2105935646","https://openalex.org/W2122836796","https://openalex.org/W2123294940","https://openalex.org/W2124242630","https://openalex.org/W2136320642","https://openalex.org/W2142158741","https://openalex.org/W2146613956","https://openalex.org/W2150619537","https://openalex.org/W2164968749","https://openalex.org/W2321669389","https://openalex.org/W2524130707","https://openalex.org/W3022732902","https://openalex.org/W3123618894","https://openalex.org/W4301892627","https://openalex.org/W6682247621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2916248186","https://openalex.org/W2332348625","https://openalex.org/W2105935646","https://openalex.org/W2601174548","https://openalex.org/W3115656297","https://openalex.org/W3046309867","https://openalex.org/W3085763705","https://openalex.org/W2744373435","https://openalex.org/W2185162561","https://openalex.org/W2041503407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3,51,84],"extend":[4],"insecurity":[5,60,66],"theory":[6,61],"by":[7],"examining":[8],"the":[9,41,56],"influence":[10],"of":[11,14,23,40,59,65,78],"various":[12],"kinds":[13,77],"insecurities":[15,79,164],"on":[16,47],"religiosity.":[17,71,172],"Religiosity":[18],"is":[19,90,147],"operationalized":[20],"in":[21,116,128,167,171],"terms":[22],"a":[24,30,81,107,114,129,137,142],"public":[25],"dimension":[26,32],"(church":[27],"attendance)":[28],"and":[29,125,136,153,157,159,162],"private":[31],"(subjective":[33],"religiosity).":[34],"Using":[35],"data":[36],"from":[37],"four":[38],"rounds":[39],"European":[42,49],"Social":[43],"Survey":[44],"(ESS,":[45],"2002\u20132008)":[46],"26":[48],"countries,":[50],"find":[52],"strong":[53],"support":[54],"for":[55],"main":[57],"hypothesis":[58],"that":[62,75,88,149],"higher":[63,91,138],"levels":[64],"are":[67,165],"associated":[68],"with":[69,131],"increasing":[70],"Furthermore,":[72],"it":[73,146],"appears":[74],"all":[76],"play":[80],"role.":[82],"Specifically,":[83],"find,":[85],"among":[86,92],"others,":[87],"religiosity":[89],"people":[93],"who":[94,111,120,126],"have":[95,112,121],"an":[96],"insecure":[97],"job":[98],"position,":[99],"whose":[100,104],"parents":[101,105],"were":[102],"unemployed,":[103],"had":[106],"lower":[108,132],"status":[109],"job,":[110],"experienced":[113],"war":[115],"their":[117,123],"own":[118],"country,":[119],"lost":[122],"partner,":[124],"reside":[127],"country":[130],"social":[133],"welfare":[134],"spending":[135],"unemployment":[139],"rate.":[140],"On":[141],"more":[143],"general":[144],"level,":[145],"concluded":[148],"both":[150],"(i)":[151],"economic":[152],"existential;":[154],"(ii)":[155],"past":[156],"present;":[158],"(iii)":[160],"individual":[161],"contextual":[163],"important":[166],"explaining":[168],"(cross-national)":[169],"variation":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-21T09:56:26.102985","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
