{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105410322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.793","title":"A Comparison of Latent Class, Latent Trait, and Factor Mixture Models ofDSM-IVBorderline Personality Disorder Criteria in a Community Setting: Implications forDSM-5","display_name":"A Comparison of Latent Class, Latent Trait, and Factor Mixture Models ofDSM-IVBorderline Personality Disorder Criteria in a Community Setting: Implications forDSM-5","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105410322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.793","mag":"2105410322","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23013346","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3460547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157766733","display_name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","issn_l":"0885-579X","issn":["0885-579X","1943-2763"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315796","host_organization_name":"Guilford Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Guilford Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3460547","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038066832","display_name":"Christopher Conway","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6848-2638","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6848-2638"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Conway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. conwayc@ucla.edu","Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. conwayc@ucla.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043426013","display_name":"Constance L. Hammen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constance Hammen","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081718011","display_name":"Patricia A. Brennan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3742-2891","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3742-2891"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Brennan","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif.2 Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif.2 Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.332,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95078793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"5","first_page":"793","last_page":"803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11093","display_name":"Personality Disorders and Psychopathology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11093","display_name":"Personality Disorders and Psychopathology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borderline-personality-disorder","display_name":"borderline personality disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dsm-5","display_name":"DSM-5","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-trait-models","display_name":"latent trait models","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-class-models","display_name":"latent class models","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-mixture-models","display_name":"factor mixture models","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scid-ii","display_name":"SCID-II","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-depression","display_name":"maternal depression","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adults","display_name":"young adults","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-classification","display_name":"disease classification","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-sample","display_name":"community sample","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.8260149955749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8256217241287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780600973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712836","display_name":"Borderline personality disorder","level":2,"score":0.7710627913475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70727504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806878","display_name":"Latent class model","level":2,"score":0.6486676335334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.5972374677658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781406353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064664","display_name":"DSM-5","level":2,"score":0.5494508147239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123273963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624758","display_name":"Psychopathology","level":2,"score":0.5463623404502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5156192183494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.5031923651695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.4805341362953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.32211560010910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10124146938323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07623541355133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001883","descriptor_name":"Borderline Personality Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D039721","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157766733","display_name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","issn_l":"0885-579X","issn":["0885-579X","1943-2763"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315796","host_organization_name":"Guilford Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Guilford Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23013346","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23013346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of personality disorders","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3460547","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3460547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Pers Disord","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3460547","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3460547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Pers Disord","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2548379034","display_name":"TRANSITION TO ADULTHOOD IN YOUTH AT RISK FOR DEPRESSION","funder_award_id":"R01MH052239","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000907843","display_name":"Training Grant in Genomic Analysis and Interpretation","funder_award_id":"T32HG002536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","funder_display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00baak391"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W590335313","https://openalex.org/W1708001192","https://openalex.org/W1971930660","https://openalex.org/W1981483298","https://openalex.org/W1986021671","https://openalex.org/W1986928310","https://openalex.org/W1989155228","https://openalex.org/W1993583295","https://openalex.org/W2001538040","https://openalex.org/W2006549238","https://openalex.org/W2008882315","https://openalex.org/W2010871038","https://openalex.org/W2014485305","https://openalex.org/W2019657225","https://openalex.org/W2022716660","https://openalex.org/W2027507448","https://openalex.org/W2033562153","https://openalex.org/W2044579390","https://openalex.org/W2052774284","https://openalex.org/W2064238331","https://openalex.org/W2072842271","https://openalex.org/W2075627853","https://openalex.org/W2079308190","https://openalex.org/W2081810797","https://openalex.org/W2088889371","https://openalex.org/W2093750887","https://openalex.org/W2096890573","https://openalex.org/W2099858846","https://openalex.org/W2101669332","https://openalex.org/W2107004240","https://openalex.org/W2120206893","https://openalex.org/W2121783687","https://openalex.org/W2123196310","https://openalex.org/W2123318349","https://openalex.org/W2141469805","https://openalex.org/W2146177007","https://openalex.org/W2146855196","https://openalex.org/W2149289308","https://openalex.org/W2159011576","https://openalex.org/W2165563677","https://openalex.org/W2735928575","https://openalex.org/W3146174752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006330987","https://openalex.org/W1981483298","https://openalex.org/W2096890573","https://openalex.org/W80877253","https://openalex.org/W2313191451","https://openalex.org/W2010871038","https://openalex.org/W2006549238","https://openalex.org/W4416665219","https://openalex.org/W2093572191","https://openalex.org/W2088889371"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,23,33,38,83,120,153],"fifth":[2],"edition":[3],"of":[4,10,26,32,41,64,85,91,101,112,139,159,165,176],"Diagnostic":[6],"and":[7,61,88,135,144],"Statistical":[8],"Manual":[9],"Mental":[11],"Disorders":[12,129],"(DSM-5)":[13],"scheduled":[14],"for":[15,47,106,124,182],"publication":[16],"in":[17,50,93],"2013,":[18],"researchers":[19],"continue":[20],"to":[21,57,109,152,172],"debate":[22],"optimal":[24],"classification":[25,45],"borderline":[27,160],"personality":[28],"disorder":[29],"(BPD).":[30],"Much":[31],"discussion":[34],"has":[35],"focused":[36],"on":[37],"relative":[39],"merits":[40],"dimensional":[42,157],"versus":[43],"categorical":[44,62],"schemes":[46],"BPD.":[48],"Advances":[49],"statistical":[51],"technologies":[52],"have":[53,73],"made":[54],"it":[55],"possible":[56],"adjudicate":[58],"between":[59],"continuous":[60],"models":[63,90,138],"BPD":[65,92,115,177],"using":[66,119],"quantitative":[67],"methods,":[68],"yet":[69],"no":[70],"prior":[71],"studies":[72],"attempted":[74],"such":[75],"a":[76,94,145,156,173],"comparison.":[77],"The":[78,162],"current":[79],"study":[80],"directly":[81],"compares":[82],"fit":[84,151],"dimensional,":[86],"categorical,":[87],"hybrid":[89],"large":[95],"community":[96],"sample":[97],"(N":[98],"=":[99],"700)":[100],"young":[102],"adults":[103],"at":[104],"risk":[105],"psychopathology":[107],"due":[108],"elevated":[110],"rates":[111],"maternal":[113],"depression.":[114],"symptoms":[116,141],"were":[117,142],"assessed":[118],"Structured":[121],"Clinical":[122],"Interview":[123],"DSM-IV":[125],"Axis":[126],"II":[127],"Personality":[128],"(SCID-II).":[130],"Latent":[131],"class,":[132],"latent":[133,146],"trait,":[134],"factor":[136],"mixture":[137],"SCID-II":[140],"estimated,":[143],"trait":[147],"model":[148,175],"provided":[149],"superior":[150],"data,":[154],"supporting":[155],"conceptualization":[158],"pathology.":[161],"nosological":[163],"implications":[164],"these":[166],"results":[167],"are":[168],"discussed":[169],"with":[170],"respect":[171],"\"hybrid\"":[174],"diagnosis":[178],"currently":[179],"under":[180],"consideration":[181],"DSM-5.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
