{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105293201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704003538","title":"The stability of the Parental Bonding Instrument over a 20-year period","display_name":"The stability of the Parental Bonding Instrument over a 20-year period","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105293201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704003538","mag":"2105293201","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15841874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0033291704003538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704003538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704003538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71144982","display_name":"Psychological Medicine","issn_l":"0033-2917","issn":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069470694","display_name":"Kay A Wilhelm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-6478","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-6478"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16667517","display_name":"Black Dog Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04rfr1008","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16667517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KAY WILHELM","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales and Mood Disorders Unit, Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia. kwilhelm@stvincents.com.au","School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Mood Disorders Unit, Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales and Mood Disorders Unit, Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia. kwilhelm@stvincents.com.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16667517","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Mood Disorders Unit, Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16667517","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041730971","display_name":"Heather Niven","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-0322","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-0322"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16667517","display_name":"Black Dog Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04rfr1008","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16667517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HEATHER NIVEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Mood Disorders Unit, Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Mood Disorders Unit, Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16667517","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053082969","display_name":"Gordon Barraclough Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-5519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-5519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16667517","display_name":"Black Dog Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04rfr1008","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16667517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GORDON PARKER","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Mood Disorders Unit, Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Mood Disorders Unit, Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16667517","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042656398","display_name":"Du\u0161an Had\u017ei-Pavlovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-3865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-3865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16667517","display_name":"Black Dog Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04rfr1008","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16667517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DUSAN HADZI-PAVLOVIC","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Mood Disorders Unit, Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Mood Disorders Unit, Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16667517","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.6061,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":369,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98770983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":"387","last_page":"393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.42329999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.42329999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.29269999265670776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.052400000393390656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-bonding-instrument","display_name":"Parental Bonding Instrument","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-parenting","display_name":"perceived parenting","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-stability","display_name":"long-term stability","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-retest-reliability","display_name":"test-retest reliability","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overprotection","display_name":"overprotection","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-care","display_name":"parental care","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors-for-depression","display_name":"risk factors for depression","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroticism","display_name":"neuroticism","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depressive-state","display_name":"depressive state","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stressful-life-events","display_name":"life events","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-course","display_name":"life course","score":0.4339999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94612546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540168","display_name":"Neuroticism","level":3,"score":0.671442985534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6489231586456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5924727320671082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5500133633613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.485660195350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.41671666502952576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4109755754470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.39444467425346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.35251516103744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.28691813349723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.07728785276412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009497","descriptor_name":"Neurotic Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009497","descriptor_name":"Neurotic Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010287","descriptor_name":"Parent-Child Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0033291704003538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704003538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704003538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71144982","display_name":"Psychological Medicine","issn_l":"0033-2917","issn":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15841874","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15841874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/011kf5r70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W213417050","https://openalex.org/W1965170571","https://openalex.org/W1980532338","https://openalex.org/W1987312904","https://openalex.org/W1990266739","https://openalex.org/W1991464100","https://openalex.org/W1993652746","https://openalex.org/W2009397231","https://openalex.org/W2037557484","https://openalex.org/W2040964867","https://openalex.org/W2042510398","https://openalex.org/W2048737592","https://openalex.org/W2050768782","https://openalex.org/W2057284277","https://openalex.org/W2070435218","https://openalex.org/W2074109393","https://openalex.org/W2102573486","https://openalex.org/W2112912253","https://openalex.org/W2125011764","https://openalex.org/W2125103017","https://openalex.org/W2150222404","https://openalex.org/W2168469366","https://openalex.org/W2406417068","https://openalex.org/W2408830426","https://openalex.org/W3012434754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091158485","https://openalex.org/W2029248557","https://openalex.org/W2161301545","https://openalex.org/W2042510398","https://openalex.org/W7073868386","https://openalex.org/W2494839002","https://openalex.org/W2118563039","https://openalex.org/W2168469366","https://openalex.org/W1977787401","https://openalex.org/W1579779835"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,73,163,173,199],"Parental":[2],"Bonding":[3],"Instrument":[4],"(PBI)":[5],"measures":[6,94],"the":[7,13,21,28,40,52,55,136,142,154,169,187,190,197,205],"perception":[8,191],"of":[9,15,37,54,92,168,175,189,192,211],"being":[10],"parented":[11],"to":[12,33,45,69,182],"age":[14],"16":[16],"years.":[17],"Low":[18],"scores":[19,26,122,134,150],"on":[20,27,81,123,132,153,186],"care":[22],"dimension":[23,30],"and":[24,49,65,86,98,114,125,159,178],"high":[25],"overprotection":[29],"are":[31],"considered":[32],"be":[34,46,70],"risk":[35],"factors":[36],"depression.":[38,127],"While":[39],"PBI":[41,56,74,102,133,149,170,206],"has":[42],"been":[43],"shown":[44],"a":[47,78,90,208],"reliable":[48],"valid":[50,209],"instrument,":[51],"stability":[53,167,188],"over":[57,104,135,151,171,214],"extended":[58,215],"periods":[59],"(taking":[60],"into":[61],"account":[62],"individual":[63],"characteristics":[64],"life":[66,115,179],"experience)":[67],"needs":[68],"demonstrated.":[71],"METHOD:":[72],"was":[75],"measured":[76,195],"in":[77,101,148,204],"non-clinical":[79],"cohort":[80],"four":[82],"waves":[83],"between":[84],"1978":[85],"1998,":[87],"along":[88],"with":[89],"series":[91],"self-report":[93],"including":[95,157],"state":[96,126,177],"depression":[97,112,160],"neuroticism.":[99],"Differences":[100],"change":[103],"time":[105,152,216],"were":[106,139,146],"examined":[107],"by":[108,121,196],"gender,":[109],"lifetime":[110],"major":[111],"diagnosis,":[113],"event":[116],"variables,":[117],"as":[118,120,194,207],"well":[119],"neuroticism":[124],"RESULTS:":[128],"Acceptable":[129],"retest":[130],"coefficients":[131],"20-year":[137],"study":[138,201],"found":[140,147],"for":[141],"cohort.":[143],"No":[144],"differences":[145],"variables":[155],"examined,":[156],"sex":[158],"measures.":[161],"CONCLUSIONS:":[162],"results":[164],"indicate":[165],"long-term":[166],"time.":[172],"influences":[174],"mood":[176],"experience":[180],"appear":[181],"have":[183],"little":[184],"effect":[185],"parenting":[193,213],"PBI.":[198],"present":[200],"increases":[202],"confidence":[203],"measure":[210],"perceived":[212],"periods.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
