{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105260809","doi":null,"title":"The role of beta-arrestin in regulating the muscarinic acetylcholine type II receptor","display_name":"The role of beta-arrestin in regulating the muscarinic acetylcholine type II receptor","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105260809","mag":"2105260809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:smartech.gatech.edu:1853/24815","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196313","display_name":"SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","host_organization_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064293020","display_name":"Kymry T. Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-8662","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-8662"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kymry T. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064293020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10617","display_name":"Cellular transport and secretion","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-arrestin","display_name":"beta-arrestin","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor-internalization","display_name":"receptor internalization","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor-downregulation","display_name":"receptor down-regulation","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ubiquitination","display_name":"ubiquitination","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteasome","display_name":"proteasome","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clathrin-mediated-endocytosis","display_name":"clathrin-mediated endocytosis","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor-recycling","display_name":"receptor recycling","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-translational-modification","display_name":"post-translational modification","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/g-protein-coupled-receptor-signaling","display_name":"G protein-coupled receptor signaling","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parasympathetic-nervous-system","display_name":"parasympathetic nervous system","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mouse-embryonic-fibroblasts","display_name":"mouse embryonic fibroblasts","score":0.8399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33789571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410959","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor","level":3,"score":0.8331305980682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64615621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15333405","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5","level":5,"score":0.5645421147346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207723603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17861926","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1","level":4,"score":0.5393165946006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116289061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17861955","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3","level":4,"score":0.5240635871887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777503648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905671","display_name":"Arrestin","level":4,"score":0.5053437352180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775910092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180623","display_name":"Acetylcholine","level":2,"score":0.43334510922431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47488739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17861931","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2","level":4,"score":0.4229654371738434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4000542461872101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.3293095827102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3025661110877991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2764228582382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.12321561574935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135285700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38173","display_name":"G protein-coupled receptor","level":3,"score":0.122587651014328}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:smartech.gatech.edu:1853/24815","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196313","display_name":"SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","host_organization_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2105260809","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/theses/ETH/2837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":209,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66891075","https://openalex.org/W134961910","https://openalex.org/W1497941038","https://openalex.org/W1504756577","https://openalex.org/W1508211596","https://openalex.org/W1523472972","https://openalex.org/W1531303582","https://openalex.org/W1537396671","https://openalex.org/W1563100171","https://openalex.org/W1585200247","https://openalex.org/W1594024004","https://openalex.org/W1603485912","https://openalex.org/W1745534060","https://openalex.org/W1775131150","https://openalex.org/W1798722234","https://openalex.org/W1832030339","https://openalex.org/W1944128994","https://openalex.org/W1947826208","https://openalex.org/W1948948667","https://openalex.org/W1953109900","https://openalex.org/W1963796740","https://openalex.org/W1964698960","https://openalex.org/W1966525626","https://openalex.org/W1966717825","https://openalex.org/W1966903404","https://openalex.org/W1967965496","https://openalex.org/W1968177286","https://openalex.org/W1971065575","https://openalex.org/W1974018894","https://openalex.org/W1977303922","https://openalex.org/W1977649999","https://openalex.org/W1978481532","https://openalex.org/W1979197099","https://openalex.org/W1979778884","https://openalex.org/W1980132250","https://openalex.org/W1980445909","https://openalex.org/W1981743823","https://openalex.org/W1982201097","https://openalex.org/W1983639400","https://openalex.org/W1984212762","https://openalex.org/W1984759958","https://openalex.org/W1985491147","https://openalex.org/W1985529228","https://openalex.org/W1985947564","https://openalex.org/W1986509703","https://openalex.org/W1987219070","https://openalex.org/W1989814102","https://openalex.org/W1990259051","https://openalex.org/W1990662798","https://openalex.org/W1991863849","https://openalex.org/W1991899689","https://openalex.org/W1992620183","https://openalex.org/W1993002467","https://openalex.org/W1994161105","https://openalex.org/W1994806672","https://openalex.org/W1996895789","https://openalex.org/W1997062996","https://openalex.org/W2001051671","https://openalex.org/W2001626986","https://openalex.org/W2001668793","https://openalex.org/W2003513113","https://openalex.org/W2003943085","https://openalex.org/W2004755511","https://openalex.org/W2005471472","https://openalex.org/W2005722151","https://openalex.org/W2007277452","https://openalex.org/W2009742151","https://openalex.org/W2012571494","https://openalex.org/W2012642649","https://openalex.org/W2013857696","https://openalex.org/W2014191280","https://openalex.org/W2014716705","https://openalex.org/W2015836019","https://openalex.org/W2016979915","https://openalex.org/W2017875329","https://openalex.org/W2019987740","https://openalex.org/W2021332276","https://openalex.org/W2023374499","https://openalex.org/W2023629636","https://openalex.org/W2023661096","https://openalex.org/W2025472785","https://openalex.org/W2026669832","https://openalex.org/W2027030905","https://openalex.org/W2027693921","https://openalex.org/W2029642537","https://openalex.org/W2030555605","https://openalex.org/W2030854565","https://openalex.org/W2032058654","https://openalex.org/W2034395399","https://openalex.org/W2035745394","https://openalex.org/W2037204799","https://openalex.org/W2039087375","https://openalex.org/W2040235887","https://openalex.org/W2041097342","https://openalex.org/W2041246673","https://openalex.org/W2041654178","https://openalex.org/W2045891423","https://openalex.org/W2046480503","https://openalex.org/W2046702929","https://openalex.org/W2046851561","https://openalex.org/W2048055029","https://openalex.org/W2049713908","https://openalex.org/W2051894580","https://openalex.org/W2052467519","https://openalex.org/W2054165881","https://openalex.org/W2054673135","https://openalex.org/W2054731752","https://openalex.org/W2054922048","https://openalex.org/W2055786440","https://openalex.org/W2057302420","https://openalex.org/W2061476447","https://openalex.org/W2062724355","https://openalex.org/W2064734596","https://openalex.org/W2065365365","https://openalex.org/W2065378127","https://openalex.org/W2067698573","https://openalex.org/W2067907274","https://openalex.org/W2068003883","https://openalex.org/W2069156204","https://openalex.org/W2070793709","https://openalex.org/W2072065015","https://openalex.org/W2072466401","https://openalex.org/W2073404673","https://openalex.org/W2073457809","https://openalex.org/W2075356278","https://openalex.org/W2075677669","https://openalex.org/W2077694135","https://openalex.org/W2078443277","https://openalex.org/W2078975166","https://openalex.org/W2080273350","https://openalex.org/W2080340766","https://openalex.org/W2081027637","https://openalex.org/W2081678320","https://openalex.org/W2082086201","https://openalex.org/W2082936529","https://openalex.org/W2083087230","https://openalex.org/W2083776958","https://openalex.org/W2085681533","https://openalex.org/W2087302903","https://openalex.org/W2090394402","https://openalex.org/W2090664128","https://openalex.org/W2091073917","https://openalex.org/W2091366475","https://openalex.org/W2092532048","https://openalex.org/W2092827299","https://openalex.org/W2094400177","https://openalex.org/W2094469376","https://openalex.org/W2094625991","https://openalex.org/W2094736035","https://openalex.org/W2094866737","https://openalex.org/W2095230191","https://openalex.org/W2095460943","https://openalex.org/W2096022141","https://openalex.org/W2099162346","https://openalex.org/W2099335992","https://openalex.org/W2101182707","https://openalex.org/W2103481821","https://openalex.org/W2108175824","https://openalex.org/W2112334048","https://openalex.org/W2114973016","https://openalex.org/W2115774517","https://openalex.org/W2119438819","https://openalex.org/W2120539487","https://openalex.org/W2120963021","https://openalex.org/W2121629043","https://openalex.org/W2121781216","https://openalex.org/W2122412269","https://openalex.org/W2123816408","https://openalex.org/W2126562474","https://openalex.org/W2127230663","https://openalex.org/W2128963767","https://openalex.org/W2131237278","https://openalex.org/W2133508703","https://openalex.org/W2133780665","https://openalex.org/W2133987610","https://openalex.org/W2135319033","https://openalex.org/W2135453228","https://openalex.org/W2136094046","https://openalex.org/W2137163300","https://openalex.org/W2141030777","https://openalex.org/W2141240174","https://openalex.org/W2142551442","https://openalex.org/W2143615603","https://openalex.org/W2145242708","https://openalex.org/W2146374592","https://openalex.org/W2147350157","https://openalex.org/W2149860378","https://openalex.org/W2150846836","https://openalex.org/W2151312020","https://openalex.org/W2151462825","https://openalex.org/W2151526347","https://openalex.org/W2152568000","https://openalex.org/W2153245474","https://openalex.org/W2153689647","https://openalex.org/W2157256314","https://openalex.org/W2159588204","https://openalex.org/W2160536323","https://openalex.org/W2162023777","https://openalex.org/W2163352150","https://openalex.org/W2163909866","https://openalex.org/W2166344498","https://openalex.org/W2166987747","https://openalex.org/W2169527010","https://openalex.org/W2262879178","https://openalex.org/W2331959327","https://openalex.org/W2336778208","https://openalex.org/W2402497529","https://openalex.org/W2414808527","https://openalex.org/W4245103782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162075138","https://openalex.org/W1563100171","https://openalex.org/W2094469376","https://openalex.org/W4412521539","https://openalex.org/W2092532048","https://openalex.org/W814021416","https://openalex.org/W1980132250","https://openalex.org/W66891075","https://openalex.org/W2136094046","https://openalex.org/W1985759771"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31],"muscarinic":[1],"acetylcholine":[2],"type":[3],"2":[4,224,240,310],"receptor":[5,133,293],"(M2":[6],"mAChR),":[7],"a":[8,75,146,221,238,316],"member":[9],"of":[10,61,114,123,164,215,220,237,275,287,290,302,308,341,347],"the":[11,17,40,59,81,132,160,165,184,212,265,279,299,303,329,339,345,348],"GPCR":[12],"superfamily,":[13],"is":[14,126],"found":[15],"throughout":[16],"parasympathetic":[18],"nervous":[19],"system":[20],"where":[21,283],"it":[22,143],"controls":[23],"pulmonary,":[24],"urinary,":[25],"and":[26,29,128,130,195,232,257,326],"cardiac":[27],"function,":[28],"neurotransmission.":[30],"molecular":[32],"mechanisms":[33],"that":[34,77,120,131,200],"regulate":[35,58],"M2":[36,72,124,166,175,193,276,304,323,349],"mAChR":[37,73,125,194,277,305,324],"availability":[38],"at":[39],"cell":[41],"surface":[42],"are":[43,55],"an":[44],"important":[45],"component":[46],"in":[47,70,80,109,138,158,321,328,343],"controlling":[48],"these":[49,332],"physiological":[50],"events.":[51],"Since":[52],"beta-arrestin":[53,95,115,137,155,196,216,239,246,266,309,320,342],"proteins":[54],"known":[56],"to":[57,66,111,153,173,186,208,227,278],"activity":[60,346],"other":[62],"GPCRs,":[63],"we":[64,87,151],"sought":[65,152],"identify":[67,154],"their":[68],"role":[69,317],"regulating":[71,159,344],"activity,":[74],"topic":[76],"remains":[78],"contentious":[79],"field.":[82],"To":[83],"achieve":[84],"this":[85],"goal":[86],"utilized":[88],"mouse":[89],"embryonic":[90],"fibroblasts":[91],"(MEFs)":[92],"derived":[93],"from":[94],"knockout":[96],"mice":[97],"lacking":[98,242],"one":[99],"or":[100,106,180,298],"both":[101,192,230],"isoforms":[102],"(MEF":[103],"KO1,":[104],"KO2,":[105],"KO1/2":[107,169],"cells)":[108],"addition":[110],"exogenous":[112],"expression":[113,219,236],"mutants.":[116],"This":[117],"study":[118],"demonstrates":[119],"agonist-induced":[121],"internalization":[122,256,297],"beta-arrestin-":[127],"clathrin-dependent,":[129],"stably":[134],"co-localizes":[135],"with":[136],"early":[139],"endosomal":[140],"vesicles":[141],"suggesting":[142],"behaves":[144],"as":[145],"class":[147],"B":[148],"receptor.":[149],"Next,":[150],"s":[156],"function":[157,340],"post-endocytic":[161],"trafficking":[162],"(down-regulation)":[163],"mAChR.":[167,350],"MEF":[168,178],"cells":[170,182],"were":[171],"unable":[172],"down-regulate":[174],"mAChRs":[176],"whereas":[177,235],"KO1":[179],"KO2":[181],"retained":[183],"ability":[185],"do":[187],"so.":[188],"In":[189],"MEFwt":[190],"cells,":[191],"exhibited":[197],"basal":[198],"ubiquitination":[199,213,244,300,307],"increased":[201,229],"following":[202],"agonist":[203],"stimulation.":[204],"Receptor":[205],"degradation":[206,254,284,327],"appeared":[207],"be":[209],"regulated":[210],"by":[211],"status":[214],"2,":[217],"since":[218],"chimeric":[222],"\u00e2-arrestin":[223],"form":[225],"fused":[226],"ubiquitin":[228,291],"constitutive":[231],"agonist-promoted":[233],"down-regulation,":[234],"mutant":[241,272],"putative":[243],"sites,":[245],"2K18R,":[247,267],"K107R,":[248,268],"K108R,":[249,269],"K207R,":[250,270],"K296R,":[251],"significantly":[252],"blocked":[253,273,292],"while":[255,306],"stable":[258],"association":[259],"remained":[260],"intact.":[261],"Upon":[262],"further":[263],"analysis,":[264],"K296R":[271],"delivery":[274],"late":[280],"endosome/lysosome,":[281],"presumably":[282],"occurs.":[285],"Inhibition":[286],"proteasome-dependent":[288],"recycling":[289],"down-regulation":[294],"without":[295],"affecting":[296],"state":[301],"diminished":[311],"significantly.":[312],"These":[313],"results":[314],"support":[315],"for":[318],"ubiquitinated":[319],"mediating":[322],"sorting":[325],"lysosome.":[330],"Collectively,":[331],"studies":[333],"give":[334],"us":[335],"new":[336],"insight":[337],"on":[338]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}