{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105043397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2001.976444","title":"Total system cost minimization in CDMA PCS network using hierarchical genetic algorithms","display_name":"Total system cost minimization in CDMA PCS network using hierarchical genetic algorithms","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105043397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2001.976444","mag":"2105043397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2001.976444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2001.976444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2001.976444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172894","display_name":"Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON)","issn_l":"1553-572X","issn":["1553-572X","2577-1647"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON'01. 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Cat. No.37243)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110429751","display_name":"T.M. Chan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.M. Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008386708","display_name":"Sam Kwong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-7261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-7261"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kwong","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064472777","display_name":"K.F. Man","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-8398","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-8398"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.F. Man","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107724691","display_name":"K.S. Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-418X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-418X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.S. Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"7","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-cost-reduction","display_name":"system cost minimization","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cdma","display_name":"CDMA","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-communication-services","display_name":"personal communication services","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network-planning","display_name":"cellular network planning","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station-deployment","display_name":"base station placement","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station-controller","display_name":"base station controller","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"multi-objective optimization","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-genetic-algorithm","display_name":"hierarchical genetic algorithm","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-trade-offs","display_name":"cost trade-offs","score":0.628000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.7792852520942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7017176151275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.6507624983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.6404759883880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5757587552070618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.49507585167884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.4818364381790161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4691943824291229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44079717993736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.43451541662216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3401753902435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15028488636016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iecon.2001.976444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2001.976444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2001.976444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172894","display_name":"Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON)","issn_l":"1553-572X","issn":["1553-572X","2577-1647"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IECON'01. 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Cat. No.37243)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533766465","https://openalex.org/W1590108337","https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2042704421","https://openalex.org/W2054405892","https://openalex.org/W2076884803","https://openalex.org/W2126952640","https://openalex.org/W2142183404","https://openalex.org/W2155019998","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4213121121","https://openalex.org/W4301173492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000939895","https://openalex.org/W2028283666","https://openalex.org/W2126952640","https://openalex.org/W2159452531","https://openalex.org/W2128059145","https://openalex.org/W1515027884","https://openalex.org/W1951162201","https://openalex.org/W2038760630","https://openalex.org/W2022732511","https://openalex.org/W2061143191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3,70],"the":[4,7,12,25,40,54,98],"minimization":[5],"of":[6,28,64],"total":[8,21],"system":[9,18,22],"cost":[10,23],"in":[11],"PCS":[13,37],"network":[14],"using":[15],"CDMA":[16],"cellular":[17],"standard.":[19],"The":[20],"includes":[24],"installation":[26],"costs":[27,43,66],"base":[29,32],"stations":[30],"(BS),":[31],"station":[33],"controllers":[34],"(BSC)":[35],"and":[36,46,48,51,53,88,104,107],"exchanges":[38],"(PCX),":[39],"weighted-distance":[41],"connection":[42],"between":[44,49,80],"BS":[45],"BSC":[47,50],"PCX":[52],"hard":[55],"handoff":[56],"cost.":[57],"Our":[58],"objective":[59],"is":[60],"to":[61,100],"keep":[62],"each":[63],"these":[65,81],"at":[67],"a":[68,77],"minimum":[69],"guaranteed":[71],"service":[72],"performance.":[73],"However,":[74],"there":[75],"exists":[76],"tradeoff":[78],"property":[79],"costs.":[82],"Therefore,":[83],"we":[84],"use":[85],"an":[86],"efficient":[87],"effective":[89],"searching":[90],"technique,":[91],"hierarchical":[92],"genetic":[93],"algorithms":[94],"(HGA),":[95],"which":[96],"has":[97],"ability":[99],"handle":[101],"multiobjective":[102],"functions":[103],"various":[105],"constraints":[106],"find":[108],"multiple":[109],"different":[110],"solutions":[111],"for":[112],"decision":[113],"making.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
