{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104922409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.15580","title":"The Shrinking Gains from Trade: A Critical Assessment of Doha Round Projections","display_name":"The Shrinking Gains from Trade: A Critical Assessment of Doha Round Projections","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104922409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.15580","mag":"2104922409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:tugdwp:15580","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/15580/files/wp050001.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/15580/files/wp050001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/15580/files/wp050001.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001247605","display_name":"Frank Ackerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7940-482X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7940-482X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ackerman, Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ackerman, Frank","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ackerman, Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001247605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14112","display_name":"Economic, financial, and policy analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doha-round","display_name":"Doha Round","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gains-from-trade","display_name":"gains from trade","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computable-general-equilibrium-model","display_name":"computable general equilibrium model","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/services-trade-liberalization","display_name":"services trade liberalization","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-facilitation","display_name":"trade facilitation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-improvement","display_name":"productivity improvement","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-development","display_name":"economic development","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developed-countries","display_name":"developed countries","score":0.41100001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20522121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589458","display_name":"Computable general equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.9019537568092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7740662693977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780469320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832041","display_name":"Trade facilitation","level":3,"score":0.7130745053291321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.6685910224914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.662345290184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.5497749447822571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140413371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572564","display_name":"Commercial policy","level":2,"score":0.5295237898826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.5236025452613831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.4943065643310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506295513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729438","display_name":"Economic integration","level":2,"score":0.4749358296394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.43534842133522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.43123868107795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3183218836784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.07908621430397034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:tugdwp:15580","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/15580/files/wp050001.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/15580/files/wp050001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:dae:daepap:05-01","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bu.edu/eci/files/2020/01/05-01ShrinkingGains.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.bu.edu/eci/files/2020/01/05-01ShrinkingGains.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:15580","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/15580","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/15580/files/wp050001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/15580","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2104922409","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://economicswebinstitute.org/essays/shrinking.Ackerman.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.15580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.15580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.15580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:15580","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/15580","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/15580/files/wp050001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/15580","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2104922409.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2104922409.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62628020","https://openalex.org/W188698626","https://openalex.org/W1510137183","https://openalex.org/W1564860820","https://openalex.org/W1588205103","https://openalex.org/W1608845082","https://openalex.org/W2022241328","https://openalex.org/W2037933878","https://openalex.org/W2053925030","https://openalex.org/W2067685925","https://openalex.org/W2095742676","https://openalex.org/W2108635855","https://openalex.org/W2114296364","https://openalex.org/W2129649804","https://openalex.org/W2138808526","https://openalex.org/W2140615014","https://openalex.org/W2171430501","https://openalex.org/W2182344024","https://openalex.org/W2219423626","https://openalex.org/W2335749769","https://openalex.org/W2610527346","https://openalex.org/W2799726962","https://openalex.org/W3122552190","https://openalex.org/W3122933379","https://openalex.org/W3124220563","https://openalex.org/W4237708504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095919379","https://openalex.org/W7095308004","https://openalex.org/W1599781714","https://openalex.org/W2125176518","https://openalex.org/W1545221297","https://openalex.org/W7095226860","https://openalex.org/W2341352488","https://openalex.org/W608976244","https://openalex.org/W7099483023","https://openalex.org/W2071318154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computable":[0],"general":[1],"equilibrium":[2],"(CGE)":[3],"models":[4,97],"of":[5,14,50,68,88,138,141],"world":[6],"trade,":[7],"often":[8],"presented":[9],"as":[10],"demonstrating":[11],"the":[12,39,47,65,96,139],"benefits":[13,33,67],"trade":[15,51,71,79,109,142],"liberalization,":[16,70,80],"now":[17],"make":[18],"much":[19],"more":[20,123],"modest":[21],"forecasts":[22,90],"than":[23],"they":[24],"did":[25],"just":[26],"a":[27,102,134],"few":[28],"years":[29],"ago.":[30],"The":[31,85],"estimated":[32],"are":[34,98],"not":[35],"only":[36,128],"small":[37],"in":[38,114],"aggregate,":[40],"but":[41],"also":[42],"skewed":[43],"toward":[44],"developed":[45],"countries;":[46],"expected":[48,66],"contribution":[49],"liberalization":[52],"to":[53,130],"economic":[54],"development":[55],"and":[56,74,105],"poverty":[57],"alleviation":[58],"is":[59],"extremely":[60],"limited.":[61],"Related":[62],"calculations,":[63],"for":[64],"services":[69],"facilitation":[72],"measures,":[73],"long-term":[75],"productivity":[76],"gains":[77],"from":[78],"remain":[81],"problematical":[82],"and/or":[83],"speculative.":[84],"empirical":[86],"limitations":[87],"CGE":[89],"rest":[91],"on":[92,122],"broader":[93],"theoretical":[94],"weaknesses:":[95],"largely":[99],"locked":[100],"within":[101],"static":[103],"framework,":[104],"remarkably":[106],"assume":[107],"that":[108],"policy":[110],"causes":[111],"no":[112],"changes":[113],"total":[115],"employment,":[116],"up":[117],"or":[118],"down.":[119],"Models":[120],"built":[121],"adequate":[124],"theories,":[125],"which":[126],"have":[127],"begun":[129],"appear,":[131],"would":[132],"paint":[133],"very":[135],"different":[136],"picture":[137],"effects":[140],"liberalization.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}