{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104862657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484303256885","title":"Contingent HRD: Toward a Theory of Variation and Differentiation in Formal Human Resource Development","display_name":"Contingent HRD: Toward a Theory of Variation and Differentiation in Formal Human Resource Development","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104862657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484303256885","mag":"2104862657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1534484303256885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484303256885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484303256885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37660120","display_name":"Human Resource Development Review","issn_l":"1534-4843","issn":["1534-4843","1552-6712"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Resource Development Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084998003","display_name":"K. Peter Kuchinke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4285-2781","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4285-2781"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Peter Kuchinke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","Education Policy, Organization and Leadership"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education Policy, Organization and Leadership","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084998003"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0577,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83073566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"294","last_page":"309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12843","display_name":"Human Resource and Talent Management","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11466","display_name":"Innovative Education and Learning Practices","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency-framework","display_name":"contingency framework","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-development","display_name":"human resource development","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hrd-strategy","display_name":"HRD strategy","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hrd-theory","display_name":"HRD theory","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-factors","display_name":"organizational factors","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40422974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248","display_name":"Assertion","level":2,"score":0.8565428256988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97508593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359069","display_name":"Contingency","level":2,"score":0.7696701288223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6049376130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5985837578773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5913536548614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5715031623840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60297154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434943","display_name":"Contingency theory","level":2,"score":0.5676890015602112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5468192100524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.5316890478134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.5238766074180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.4533868730068207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44117850065231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4267195463180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3823130428791046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3383845090866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33622464537620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.26678088307380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.21808791160583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1406499147415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11867272853851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09109529852867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1534484303256885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484303256885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484303256885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37660120","display_name":"Human Resource Development Review","issn_l":"1534-4843","issn":["1534-4843","1552-6712"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Resource Development Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109756877","https://openalex.org/W594810427","https://openalex.org/W1502416792","https://openalex.org/W1508463086","https://openalex.org/W1517183945","https://openalex.org/W1538490537","https://openalex.org/W1561082337","https://openalex.org/W1575681189","https://openalex.org/W1594433423","https://openalex.org/W1972922514","https://openalex.org/W1988470004","https://openalex.org/W1994146145","https://openalex.org/W2004300244","https://openalex.org/W2037445371","https://openalex.org/W2042145537","https://openalex.org/W2045181804","https://openalex.org/W2078839705","https://openalex.org/W2084372412","https://openalex.org/W2096719183","https://openalex.org/W2113879695","https://openalex.org/W2128500420","https://openalex.org/W2149928073","https://openalex.org/W2153041355","https://openalex.org/W2168560555","https://openalex.org/W2252491577","https://openalex.org/W2790966792","https://openalex.org/W3022034802","https://openalex.org/W3044348100","https://openalex.org/W3046509492","https://openalex.org/W6605396117","https://openalex.org/W6633561450","https://openalex.org/W6634538078","https://openalex.org/W6781349999","https://openalex.org/W6982313721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153046182","https://openalex.org/W2105276348","https://openalex.org/W4390517606","https://openalex.org/W2363147976","https://openalex.org/W4412790832","https://openalex.org/W4389205167","https://openalex.org/W1992643458","https://openalex.org/W2036133692","https://openalex.org/W2003254166","https://openalex.org/W2565715736"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1],"the":[2,17,82,88,98],"assertion":[3],"that":[4,32],"prevalent":[5],"generic":[6],"models":[7],"of":[8,19,45,52,68,75,84,91,102],"HRD":[9,46],"are":[10,55],"not":[11],"able":[12],"to":[13,38,64,96],"adequately":[14],"account":[15],"for":[16],"variety":[18],"human":[20,92],"resource":[21,93],"development":[22,94],"(HRD)arrangements,":[23],"strategies,":[24],"and":[25,42,57,95],"processes":[26],"in":[27,47],"organizations,":[28],"this":[29],"article":[30],"proposes":[31],"a":[33,39],"contingency":[34,53],"framework":[35],"can":[36],"lead":[37],"more":[40,86],"differentiated":[41],"realistic":[43],"understanding":[44],"actual":[48],"practice.":[49],"Several":[50],"groups":[51],"factors":[54],"advanced,":[56],"their":[58],"potential":[59],"influence":[60],"illustrated":[61],"with":[62,81],"reference":[63],"an":[65],"empirical":[66,79,99],"investigation":[67],"29":[69],"U.S.":[70],"organizations.":[71],"The":[72],"resulting":[73],"set":[74],"propositions":[76],"invite":[77],"future":[78],"verification":[80],"goal":[83],"exploring":[85],"closely":[87],"context-dependent":[89],"nature":[90],"advance":[97],"knowledge":[100],"base":[101],"our":[103],"field.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}