{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104815727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/227593","title":"Job Conditions and Personality: A Longitudinal Assessment of Their Reciprocal Effects","display_name":"Job Conditions and Personality: A Longitudinal Assessment of Their Reciprocal Effects","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104815727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/227593","mag":"2104815727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/227593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/227593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/227593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122471516","display_name":"American Journal of Sociology","issn_l":"0002-9602","issn":["0002-9602","1537-5390"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016238903","display_name":"Melvin L. Kohn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melvin L. Kohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["","NIMH, Lab of Socio-Environmental Studies, Bethesda, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIMH, Lab of Socio-Environmental Studies, Bethesda, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060972667","display_name":"Carmi Schooler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmi Schooler","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.4982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":813,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99721319,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"87","issue":"6","first_page":"1257","last_page":"1286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.39399999380111694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.39399999380111694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14458","display_name":"Education and Work Dynamics","score":0.21950000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.14259999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-conditions","display_name":"working conditions","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality","display_name":"personality","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocal-effects","display_name":"reciprocal effects","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-distress","display_name":"occupational distress","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-directed-work","display_name":"self-directed work","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-structure","display_name":"employment structure","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-stratification","display_name":"social stratification","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-flexibility","display_name":"intellectual flexibility","score":0.6890000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7310611605644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.7137372493743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6490532755851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5803004503250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.4590074419975281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083","display_name":"Reciprocal","level":2,"score":0.4540775716304779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4200270473957062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.13597837090492249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09541299939155579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.08274650573730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/227593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/227593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/227593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122471516","display_name":"American Journal of Sociology","issn_l":"0002-9602","issn":["0002-9602","1537-5390"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7825999855995178,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983383944","https://openalex.org/W1996087138","https://openalex.org/W2017648537","https://openalex.org/W2028207552","https://openalex.org/W2030849738","https://openalex.org/W2031585113","https://openalex.org/W2059763268","https://openalex.org/W2071258882","https://openalex.org/W2074777917","https://openalex.org/W2083900893","https://openalex.org/W2084818089","https://openalex.org/W2276074698","https://openalex.org/W2328807713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235204737","https://openalex.org/W2126760424","https://openalex.org/W7100376481","https://openalex.org/W1568610281","https://openalex.org/W6961773070","https://openalex.org/W3082532028","https://openalex.org/W2769920899","https://openalex.org/W2030849738","https://openalex.org/W3126624993","https://openalex.org/W247170706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,22,122],"earlier":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,25],"assessed":[4],"a":[5,47,56,80,97,128],"longitudinal":[6],"causal":[7,29],"model":[8,30],"of":[9,13,17,37,44,58,67,119],"the":[10,14,28,38,64,68,112,117],"reciprocal":[11],"effects":[12],"substative":[15],"complexity":[16],"work":[18,73],"and":[19,40,53,55,78,85,115,127],"intellectual":[20],"flexibility.":[21],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"greatly":[26],"expand":[27],"to":[31,51,75,79,83,91,134],"consider":[32],"sumultaneously":[33],"several":[34],"structural":[35,65],"imperatives":[36,66],"job":[39,69,113],"three":[41],"major":[42],"dimensions":[43],"personality-ideational":[45],"flexibility,":[46],"self":[48,52,84],"directed":[49],"orientation":[50,82,130],"society,":[54],"sense":[57],"distress.":[59,92],"The":[60],"analysis":[61],"demonstrates":[62],"that":[63,138],"affect":[70],"personality.":[71],"Self-directed":[72],"leads":[74],"ideational":[76,125],"flexibility":[77,126],"self-directed":[81,129],"society;":[86],"oppressive":[87],"working":[88],"conditions":[89],"lead":[90],"These":[93],"findings":[94],"strongly":[95],"support":[96],"learning":[98],"generalization":[99],"model.":[100],"Personality,":[101],"in":[102,111,116],"turn,":[103],"has":[104],"important":[105],"consequences":[106],"for":[107,142],"an":[108],"individual's":[109],"place":[110],"structure":[114],"system":[118],"social":[120],"stratification.":[121],"particular,":[123],"both":[124],"lead,":[131],"over":[132],"time,":[133],"more":[135],"responsible":[136],"jobs":[137],"allow":[139],"greater":[140],"latitude":[141],"occupational":[143],"self-direction.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
