{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104786558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.1.134","title":"The Effect of Competition on Wages and Productivity: Evidence from the United Kingdom","display_name":"The Effect of Competition on Wages and Productivity: Evidence from the United Kingdom","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104786558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.1.134","mag":"2104786558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/rest.90.1.134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.1.134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.1.134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180061323","display_name":"The Review of Economics and Statistics","issn_l":"0034-6535","issn":["0034-6535","1530-9142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049560300","display_name":"George Symeonidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5047-5328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5047-5328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Symeonidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049560300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.4099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97995087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"90","issue":"1","first_page":"134","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"competition","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wages","display_name":"wages","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-productivity","display_name":"labor productivity","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collusion","display_name":"collusion","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartel-law","display_name":"cartel law","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-competition","display_name":"price competition","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-industry","display_name":"manufacturing industry","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-kingdom","display_name":"United Kingdom","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparison-with-united-states","display_name":"United States comparison","score":0.7850000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701521","display_name":"Collusion","level":2,"score":0.7996116876602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.7732325792312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7651252746582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7008368372917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778890260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179216","display_name":"Cartel","level":3,"score":0.696729838848114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6698483824729919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5881360173225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.5412999391555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.5295459032058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.42682594060897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.20746922492980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1836179494857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.16427764296531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.10848385095596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/rest.90.1.134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.1.134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.1.134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180061323","display_name":"The Review of Economics and Statistics","issn_l":"0034-6535","issn":["0034-6535","1530-9142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.essex.ac.uk:3687","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.essex.ac.uk/3687/1/dp626.pdf","pdf_url":"http://repository.essex.ac.uk/3687/1/dp626.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401236","display_name":"Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","host_organization_name":"University of Essex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:tpr:restat:v:90:y:2008:i:1:p:134-146","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/rest.90.1.134","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/rest.90.1.134","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.essex.ac.uk:3684","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.essex.ac.uk/3684/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401236","display_name":"Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","host_organization_name":"University of Essex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493799119","https://openalex.org/W1549052364","https://openalex.org/W1985756968","https://openalex.org/W1997996961","https://openalex.org/W2013548238","https://openalex.org/W2015187702","https://openalex.org/W2035193272","https://openalex.org/W2056240959","https://openalex.org/W2059101294","https://openalex.org/W2067043971","https://openalex.org/W2072624869","https://openalex.org/W2082626636","https://openalex.org/W2109877182","https://openalex.org/W2111465968","https://openalex.org/W2145221686","https://openalex.org/W2153339567","https://openalex.org/W2157635736","https://openalex.org/W2165618159","https://openalex.org/W2167070216","https://openalex.org/W3125210468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145273739","https://openalex.org/W7097236399","https://openalex.org/W4296550992","https://openalex.org/W2111509785","https://openalex.org/W4406321535","https://openalex.org/W5297160","https://openalex.org/W1524111337","https://openalex.org/W2396649259","https://openalex.org/W2118473158","https://openalex.org/W2126633010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I":[0],"examine":[1],"the":[2,27,31,63,71,107],"impact":[3],"of":[4,15,23,37,62,66,73,79,83,93,96,110],"competition":[5,39],"on":[6,85,98],"wages":[7],"and":[8,69,112],"productivity":[9,87],"using":[10],"a":[11,60,80,117],"panel":[12],"data":[13],"set":[14],"U.K.":[16],"manufacturing":[17,43],"industries":[18,51,67],"over":[19],"1954\u20131973.":[20],"The":[21,56],"introduction":[22,72],"cartel":[24,74],"law":[25,75],"in":[26,30,40],"United":[28],"Kingdom":[29],"late":[32],"1950s":[33],"caused":[34],"an":[35],"intensification":[36],"price":[38],"previously":[41],"cartelized":[42],"industries,":[44],"but":[45],"it":[46],"did":[47],"not":[48,54],"affect":[49],"those":[50],"that":[52],"were":[53],"cartelized.":[55],"econometric":[57],"results":[58,101],"from":[59],"comparison":[61,118],"two":[64],"groups":[65],"before":[68],"after":[70],"provide":[76],"strong":[77],"evidence":[78,92],"negative":[81],"effect":[82,95],"collusion":[84,97,111],"labor":[86],"growth.":[88],"There":[89],"is":[90],"no":[91],"any":[94],"wages.":[99],"These":[100],"are":[102,113],"robust":[103],"to":[104],"controlling":[105],"for":[106],"potential":[108],"endogeneity":[109],"further":[114],"strengthened":[115],"by":[116],"with":[119],"U.S.":[120],"data.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}