{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104695015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/17.985746","title":"Indicators of firm technological capability: validity and performance implications","display_name":"Indicators of firm technological capability: validity and performance implications","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104695015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/17.985746","mag":"2104695015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/17.985746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/17.985746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/17.985746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002655317","display_name":"Timothy S. Schoenecker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87547150","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Edwardsville","ror":"https://ror.org/04cqs5j56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801502357","https://openalex.org/I87547150"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Schoenecker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Marketing, School of Business, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA","Dept. of Manage. & Marketing, Southern Illinois Univ., Edwardsville, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Marketing, School of Business, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87547150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Manage. & Marketing, Southern Illinois Univ., Edwardsville, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87547150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088322661","display_name":"Laura Swanson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87547150","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Edwardsville","ror":"https://ror.org/04cqs5j56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801502357","https://openalex.org/I87547150"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Swanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Marketing, School of Business, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Marketing, School of Business, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87547150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87547150"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1062,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":179,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97019449,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"1","first_page":"36","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.8622999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.8622999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.11569999903440475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-investment","display_name":"R&D investment","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-statistics","display_name":"patent statistics","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-product-launch","display_name":"new product launch","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-validity","display_name":"measurement validity","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-performance","display_name":"firm performance","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-industry","display_name":"chemical industry","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics-industry","display_name":"electronics industry","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-industry","display_name":"pharmaceutical industry","score":0.9010000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6029747128486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5898901224136353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47455984354019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.46748846769332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4220905005931854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.37026432156562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.363838255405426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31590867042541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10626745223999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.077355295419693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/17.985746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/17.985746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/17.985746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154533451","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","issn_l":"0018-9391","issn":["0018-9391","1558-0040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26993591","https://openalex.org/W651989985","https://openalex.org/W1534836784","https://openalex.org/W1547006648","https://openalex.org/W1561438477","https://openalex.org/W1574562613","https://openalex.org/W1591579618","https://openalex.org/W1974037529","https://openalex.org/W1976395435","https://openalex.org/W1984536024","https://openalex.org/W1990360714","https://openalex.org/W2015311578","https://openalex.org/W2034120210","https://openalex.org/W2053122903","https://openalex.org/W2061067345","https://openalex.org/W2062804779","https://openalex.org/W2075964238","https://openalex.org/W2129264522","https://openalex.org/W2142257426","https://openalex.org/W2147279760","https://openalex.org/W2152822037","https://openalex.org/W2155869528","https://openalex.org/W2159401492","https://openalex.org/W2161159763","https://openalex.org/W2162544424","https://openalex.org/W2295656366","https://openalex.org/W2529434148","https://openalex.org/W2567079602","https://openalex.org/W2580989708","https://openalex.org/W2891020914","https://openalex.org/W3121435737","https://openalex.org/W3124190931","https://openalex.org/W3125571233","https://openalex.org/W3149395617","https://openalex.org/W4239677523","https://openalex.org/W4246986803","https://openalex.org/W4295196781","https://openalex.org/W4375849300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971188048","https://openalex.org/W1978976630","https://openalex.org/W4394809146","https://openalex.org/W4394598690","https://openalex.org/W2321350176","https://openalex.org/W271456881","https://openalex.org/W2389988972","https://openalex.org/W1941821006","https://openalex.org/W2384098037","https://openalex.org/W3143898205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Academic":[0],"researchers":[1],"and":[2,41,61,78,83,92],"practicing":[3],"managers":[4],"in":[5,18,88],"the":[6,25,70,75,89,100,113],"area":[7],"of":[8,10,30,33,74,80,99,102,112,115,128],"management":[9],"technology":[11],"are":[12,104,117,131],"faced":[13],"with":[14],"a":[15],"difficult":[16],"challenge":[17],"attempting":[19],"to":[20,133],"measure":[21],"technological":[22,35],"capability":[23,36],"at":[24],"firm":[26,34,134],"level.":[27],"A":[28],"number":[29],"different":[31,51],"indicators":[32,55,82],"(FTC)":[37],"have":[38,45],"been":[39,47],"proposed":[40],"used,":[42],"however,":[43],"they":[44,84,122],"not":[46],"systematically":[48],"evaluated":[49],"across":[50,107],"industry":[52],"settings.":[53],"These":[54],"include":[56],"R&D":[57],"expenditures,":[58],"patent":[59],"statistics,":[60],"statistics":[62],"on":[63],"new":[64],"product":[65],"introductions.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"study,":[69],"authors":[71],"discuss":[72],"some":[73],"relative":[76],"advantages":[77],"disadvantages":[79],"these":[81],"assess":[85],"their":[86],"validity":[87],"chemical,":[90],"electronics":[91],"pharmaceutical":[93],"industries.":[94],"They":[95],"find":[96,123],"that":[97,110,126],"measures":[98,111],"scale":[101],"FTC":[103,116,129],"relatively":[105],"consistent":[106],"industries,":[108],"but":[109],"quality":[114,130],"somewhat":[118],"less":[119],"consistent.":[120],"Finally,":[121],"limited":[124],"evidence":[125],"aspects":[127],"related":[132],"performance.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}