{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104657629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.2851","title":"DO EMERGENCY MEDICAL SYSTEM RESPONSE TIMES MATTER FOR HEALTH OUTCOMES?","display_name":"DO EMERGENCY MEDICAL SYSTEM RESPONSE TIMES MATTER FOR HEALTH OUTCOMES?","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104657629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.2851","mag":"2104657629","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22700368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/hec.2851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.2851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.2851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145200904","display_name":"Health Economics","issn_l":"1057-9230","issn":["1057-9230","1099-1050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002788504","display_name":"Elizabeth Ty Wilde","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Ty Wilde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University  New York USA","Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University  New York USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002788504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":4050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4050},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":162,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96804861,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"7","first_page":"790","last_page":"806"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.7968999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.7968999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":0.1979999989271164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-medical-services","display_name":"emergency medical services","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-time-emergency-services","display_name":"response time (emergency services)","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-outcomes","display_name":"health outcomes","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-utilization","display_name":"hospital utilization","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assessment-validity","display_name":"assessment validity","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utah","display_name":"Utah","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.8504687547683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017997152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814610","display_name":"Emergency response","level":2,"score":0.5190685391426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545288138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860447","display_name":"Emergency medical services","level":2,"score":0.5140915513038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.48180240392684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4655030369758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4503808617591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.4441727101802826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985105721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479512","display_name":"Incident response","level":2,"score":0.4409831166267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987285537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Crisis response","level":2,"score":0.4153832793235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33204764127731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24161851406097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16448014974594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.1631913185119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1296176314353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.11880674958229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11089301109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.09424707293510437}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004632","descriptor_name":"Emergency Medical Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004632","descriptor_name":"Emergency Medical Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004632","descriptor_name":"Emergency Medical Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005102","descriptor_name":"Health Expenditures","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006760","descriptor_name":"Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014589","descriptor_name":"Utah","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017059","descriptor_name":"Models, Econometric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/hec.2851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.2851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.2851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145200904","display_name":"Health Economics","issn_l":"1057-9230","issn":["1057-9230","1099-1050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22700368","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22700368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health economics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pri:indrel:527","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dataspace.princeton.edu/bitstream/88435/dsp01bz60cw26d/1/527.pdf","pdf_url":"https://dataspace.princeton.edu/bitstream/88435/dsp01bz60cw26d/1/527.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:1553078980","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/bitstream/88435/dsp01bz60cw26d/1/527.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.687.9522","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.687.9522","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://harris.princeton.edu/pubs/pdfs/527.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.688.2602","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.688.2602","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.be.wvu.edu/divecon/econ/douglas/seminar/Wilde%28WP%29EMS.pdf?origin%3Dpublication_detail","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pri:indrel:dsp01bz60cw26d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01bz60cw26d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46452414","https://openalex.org/W124330779","https://openalex.org/W1417411706","https://openalex.org/W1488708235","https://openalex.org/W1506720831","https://openalex.org/W1520061086","https://openalex.org/W1549916099","https://openalex.org/W1570621374","https://openalex.org/W1573964727","https://openalex.org/W1579340754","https://openalex.org/W1582019334","https://openalex.org/W1584156210","https://openalex.org/W1588590671","https://openalex.org/W1592495849","https://openalex.org/W1601263223","https://openalex.org/W1880943395","https://openalex.org/W1907304379","https://openalex.org/W1964676632","https://openalex.org/W1971593188","https://openalex.org/W1973368450","https://openalex.org/W1986408088","https://openalex.org/W1986594767","https://openalex.org/W1988191543","https://openalex.org/W1989190276","https://openalex.org/W1998622512","https://openalex.org/W2001033551","https://openalex.org/W2005306610","https://openalex.org/W2011916842","https://openalex.org/W2013626048","https://openalex.org/W2018229651","https://openalex.org/W2019664226","https://openalex.org/W2023377997","https://openalex.org/W2027268272","https://openalex.org/W2030041251","https://openalex.org/W2033425564","https://openalex.org/W2038514228","https://openalex.org/W2038985290","https://openalex.org/W2044799931","https://openalex.org/W2047098338","https://openalex.org/W2048039615","https://openalex.org/W2049529606","https://openalex.org/W2049987667","https://openalex.org/W2051026770","https://openalex.org/W2053256073","https://openalex.org/W2058571825","https://openalex.org/W2062315032","https://openalex.org/W2073471108","https://openalex.org/W2077185581","https://openalex.org/W2082496645","https://openalex.org/W2083485815","https://openalex.org/W2083941500","https://openalex.org/W2086101125","https://openalex.org/W2086328959","https://openalex.org/W2089931630","https://openalex.org/W2091670252","https://openalex.org/W2102145037","https://openalex.org/W2102579295","https://openalex.org/W2103634042","https://openalex.org/W2105347888","https://openalex.org/W2105887428","https://openalex.org/W2105984663","https://openalex.org/W2106789533","https://openalex.org/W2109437759","https://openalex.org/W2117188044","https://openalex.org/W2117719165","https://openalex.org/W2119703862","https://openalex.org/W2120556561","https://openalex.org/W2121484943","https://openalex.org/W2131951681","https://openalex.org/W2132236048","https://openalex.org/W2134291350","https://openalex.org/W2141439829","https://openalex.org/W2150092284","https://openalex.org/W2150116873","https://openalex.org/W2153495629","https://openalex.org/W2153589240","https://openalex.org/W2159580274","https://openalex.org/W2160479666","https://openalex.org/W2160714335","https://openalex.org/W2161257538","https://openalex.org/W2170112852","https://openalex.org/W2172271087","https://openalex.org/W2259230221","https://openalex.org/W2262207732","https://openalex.org/W2329503388","https://openalex.org/W2402523857","https://openalex.org/W2418697101","https://openalex.org/W2419001609","https://openalex.org/W2548867848","https://openalex.org/W2768178467","https://openalex.org/W2913519381","https://openalex.org/W2916854172","https://openalex.org/W3022012798","https://openalex.org/W3025590548","https://openalex.org/W3121636950","https://openalex.org/W3121822075","https://openalex.org/W3122531453","https://openalex.org/W3124259699","https://openalex.org/W3124787586","https://openalex.org/W3125370834","https://openalex.org/W3125552165","https://openalex.org/W3125685102","https://openalex.org/W3126104625","https://openalex.org/W3143601498","https://openalex.org/W4249207800","https://openalex.org/W4250626774"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553078980","https://openalex.org/W3211240455","https://openalex.org/W3009632727","https://openalex.org/W7220494885","https://openalex.org/W7162852658","https://openalex.org/W2117188044","https://openalex.org/W2889297132","https://openalex.org/W7222439855","https://openalex.org/W4402731791","https://openalex.org/W2315122661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"introduction":[1],"of":[2,10,17,84,97,100,108,119,145],"technology":[3],"aimed":[4],"at":[5],"reducing":[6],"the":[7,18,25,68,82,95,106,117,120,123,143,149,157],"response":[8,42,59,88,109,132,137],"times":[9,43,138],"emergency":[11],"medical":[12,50,76],"services":[13],"has":[14],"been":[15,34],"one":[16],"principal":[19],"innovations":[20],"in":[21],"crisis":[22],"care":[23],"over":[24],"last":[26],"several":[27],"decades.":[28],"These":[29],"substantial":[30],"investments":[31],"have":[32],"typically":[33],"justified":[35],"by":[36],"an":[37,129],"assumed":[38],"link":[39],"between":[40,58,70],"shorter":[41],"and":[44,61,73,87,113,142],"improved":[45],"health":[46],"outcomes.":[47],"However,":[48],"current":[49],"research":[51,77],"does":[52],"not":[53,152],"generally":[54],"show":[55],"a":[56],"relationship":[57],"time":[60,110],"mortality.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"study,":[65],"we":[66,104],"explain":[67],"discrepancy":[69],"conventional":[71],"wisdom":[72],"mortality;":[74],"existing":[75],"fails":[78],"to":[79,148],"account":[80],"for":[81,131],"endogeneity":[83],"incident":[85,121],"severity":[86],"times.":[89],"Analyzing":[90],"detailed":[91],"call-level":[92],"information":[93],"from":[94,122],"state":[96],"Utah's":[98],"Bureau":[99],"Emergency":[101],"Medical":[102],"Services,":[103],"measure":[105],"impact":[107],"on":[111],"mortality":[112,141],"hospital":[114],"utilization":[115,155],"using":[116],"distance":[118],"nearest":[124],"EMS":[125],"agency":[126],"headquarters":[127],"as":[128],"instrument":[130],"time.":[133],"We":[134],"find":[135],"that":[136],"significantly":[139],"affect":[140],"likelihood":[144],"being":[146],"admitted":[147],"hospital,":[150],"but":[151],"procedures":[153],"or":[154],"within":[156],"hospital.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}